Mathematics Research free essay sample

Enterprise in education includes knowledge and understanding of the world of work and career planning and opportunities to engage in entrepreneurial activities, as well as the `development of enterprising attitudes and skills which enable young people to become successful learners, confident individuals, responsible citizens and effective contributors to society throughout life and at work, with an informed sense of their roles in the world. This has evolved from earlier definitions of enterprise education, which was commonly interpreted as enterprise activity. Pupils are also helped to develop those personal qualities and leadership skills essential for the world of work (Ramsey, 2004). Through enterprising activities in their mathematics experiences, both in and out of the classroom, they may be given opportunities to demonstrate leadership, initiative, determination, confidence and responsibility. Teaching entrepreneurship within mathematics can also develop positive attitudes to teamwork, to continuing education and training, to equal opportunities, and to the views, skills, capabilities and capacities of others. We will write a custom essay sample on Mathematics Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Enterprise activities with social goals, where outcomes not only benefit others but also encourage a sense of responsibility to the community and society as a whole, help young people to understand the connections between enterprise and active citizenship (Bouchhiki, 2003). It is undisputable that education is an arena of human life where virtually everyone believes they understand the problems and also know the solutions. Perhaps it is because we are all products of educational systems and reflect back on things we liked, those we didn’t, and changes that we believe would have mattered for us. We can also look beyond our own personal opinions to those of educational experts. Thus, this study will set out simple aims which are the concerned with the values on equipping students to meet the challenges of life, developing general knowledge and common sense, learning how to be discriminating in use of knowledge that is to know what knowledge is appropriate to use for what purposes, integrating what is learned with the whole being, arousing attention, and interest in the field of knowledge so it will be mastered in a worthy way. Further, there are also increasing numbers of individuals need to be able to think for themselves in a constantly changing environment, particularly as technology is making larger quantities of information easier to access and to manipulate. They also need to be able to adapt to unfamiliar or unpredictable situations more easily than people needed to in the past. Teaching mathematics in an entrepreneurial way encompasses skills and functions which are a part of everyday life like understanding economic indicators, understanding loan repayments, and calculating whether the cheapest item is the best buy. It is likewise practical to present a problem and develop the skills needed to solve that problem and is more motivational than teaching the skills without a context. It allows the students to see a reason for learning the mathematics, and hence to become more deeply involved in learning it. Teaching mathematics in a unique way can enhance logical reasoning, helping people to be able to decide what rule, if any, a situation requires, or if necessary to develop their own rules in a situation where an existing rule cannot be directly applied. Problem solving can also allow the whole person to develop by experiencing the full range of emotions associated with various stages of in real life situations and to find solutions in a practical way (Baum, 2001). With the above presentations, the researcher is motivated to conduct a study which relates to her field of specialization and of great importance to the holistic development of the young generation specifically in the aspect of decision making in order to survive in the world of recent economic problems. It is also her hopes and wishes that changes in mathematics effort can change the national education reform landscape and can provide something of lasting significance to be achieved to compete globally for talent and to attract and retain high-skills individuals to equally footing to other nationalities. Theoretical Framework This study was supported by several theories and concepts dealing with change and innovation, anchored instruction which is related to active learning, cognitive and efficacy beliefs, humanistic and positive self direction, social learning, teaching and learning entrepreneurship, innovative approaches in teaching and learning mathematics, contextual teaching and learning, and making mathematics instruction more exciting, interesting, attractive, and hopefully effective which are all efficacious to the present investigation. The following theories and concepts are: Change and Innovation by Gibb (2005), Anchored Instruction Approach by Robinson (2009), Cognitive Approach by Collins (2002), Humanistic Learning Theory by Gage Berliner (1986) as cited in Huitt (2001), Social Learning Theory by Bandura (1982 ) as cited in by Morris (2007), the Innovative Approaches in Teaching and Learning Mathematics by Huenda (1981) as cited in by Baratas (2009) Contextual Teaching and Learning (The Department of Mathematics Education, University of Georgia, 2001). Moreover, this study is also complemented with the five (5) tips to help make the mathematics instruction more exciting, interesting, attractive, and hopefully effective by Lidstone (2004). The theory of Gibb (2005) on Change and Innovation involves a process which develops individuals’ mindsets, behaviours, skills, and capabilities that can be applied to create value in a range of contexts and environments which link to the outline of learning the mathematics through the concept of enterprise and/or business thinking. He strongly suggests based upon his readings and actual observations and experiences that the aforesaid type of learning the subject is needed or essential in developing the qualities of mind for the 21st century. Learners of this century must have entrepreneurial attitudes as part of the learning process. It is where there is now considerable interest in governments are keen to develop the perceived economic potential of creative industries, innovation and creative thinking. It is also a thought that these are the areas where creativity and innovation will supply new products which are forecasted as the level where this potential can be nurtured and/or ‘harvested’ . Most universities have business ‘start up’ support either physical or mentored to develop students’ ideas to bring them ‘to market’. There has been some success with this type of initiative but it has not really reached its potential as it has tended to concentrate on the economic outcomes. In this theory of Gibb (2005), new ideas and practices in the internalization of the business related and/or enterprise approach in teaching mathematics are reassured to divert the monotonous traditional procedure in acquiring knowledge. He mentioned attributes of innovations and change: relative advantage, compatibility, and observability. Exhaustively enumerated, relative advantage is the degree to which an innovation is perceived as better than the idea it supersedes. The more the perceived advantage, the more likely innovations are to be adapted. Further, it is perceived by comparing the old way of doing things to the new way, which is particularly relevant to vary the teaching method so that it could be gauged based on the demand of time. In terms of teaching mathematics in the elementary level, varied techniques should be adapted by the teachers so that relative advantages of educating the learners can be attained. Mathematics teachers should be creative and sensitive to innovations, which are readily perceived to have an advantage and must surely jibe with the demands of the learners. As such, the Change and Innovation Theory can be summed up in adapting a change for the purpose of innovating the traditional practice of acquiring a certain discipline, but this should be carefully studied by the educational planners. If they can form a favorable impression, eventually to adapt and implement the innovation. Anchored Instruction Approach by Robinson (2009) focuses in the making of the learners engaged in the learning process by getting situated in the context. The context can be provided through images, pictures, animations, videos, realia, etc. In this direction, the use of the different search engines in the internet can become successful methodologies where the vast and dynamism of content availability in it can make the learners get involved in the subject of study. The sophistication available in the technology is that real world context or contexts can be created and provided as videos. Similarly, the availability of videos can be organized to suit to the classroom needs. In his contribution to the educational arena, Robbins (2009) emphasizes that teaching mathematics in an entrepreneurial way in the use of technology that surrounds us is one of the best ways to facilitate learning and not an ordinary learning but with concrete ideas and memory retention. Collins (2002) in his Cognitive Approach and Efficacy beliefs in learning mathematics stresses that considerable progress can be achieved in clarifying the growth of cognitive competencies and their use in adapting to and changing the environment. In his initial research, he verified that perceived efficacy beliefs contribute independently to intellectual performance rather than simply reflecting cognitive skills. The selected children who judged themselves to be of high or low efficacy at each of three levels of mathematical ability were then given difficult mathematical problems to solve. Within each level of ability, children who had the stronger belief in their efficacy were quicker to discard faulty strategies, solved more problems chose to rework more of those they failed, and did so more accurately than children of equal ability who doubted their efficacy. Childrens causal attributions for their academic successes and failures were unrelated to their mathematical performances. Efficacy beliefs predicted interest in, and positive attitudes toward, mathematics, whereas actual mathematical ability did not. As this study shows, students may perform poorly in entrepreneurial approach in teaching mathematics either because they lack the skills or because they have the skills but lack the perceived personal efficacy to make optimal use of them. It is therefore an encouragement to the part of the mentor to apply or use some innovative techniques to facilitate the learning of the novel modus operandi—the entrepreneurial skills, which is beneficial to the future livelihood undertakings of the learners. In the other aspect, the Humanistic Learning Theory which was adapted by Gage Berliner (1986) and as cited in by Huitt (2001), emphasizes the idea that acquiring knowledge from the mentors depend greatly on the art of teaching which has emotional value, more specifically on the methods, techniques, and strategies as tools in facilitating learning. In schools today, there are many different views on what is the best approach that educators should use to teach students. One important view to consider when deciding which approach to use is the humanistic view of education. The major focus of humanistic education is the development of the whole child (i. e. , the development of a student’s emotions, values, self-concept, goals, and needs. In the information age, the objectives of the humanistic theory are important in that they relate to the trends that are currently taking place in the workforce. However, the results of a meta-analysis demonstrate that the programs developed under the rubric of humanistic education did not achieve these objectives with students. As educators, they must analyze the importance of these objectives, describe why the results of the meta-analysis possibly occurred, and find possible solutions to the problems. The rise of humanistic learning theory in the 20th century with the original representative Rogers, who proposed that learning is self-realization, learners to learn the subject, must be respected, any normal learners able to educate themselves, interpersonal relationships is an important condition for effective learning. Computer, multimedia, Internet networking, communications, the use of Technology in the field of teaching for the integration of humanism and create the conditions for teaching thinking. The aforementioned ideology offers a wide range of learners and learning in the form of content-related phenomena, ideas, data and information, not directly or easily present conclusions, and leave room for the learners involved, leaving the learner self-modify, self-reflection, self-awareness and self-development space. These ideas are can be easily applied to the learners with the guidance and supervision of an experienced and exposed teacher to current trends in imparting knowledge to the learners. As the modern educational media to participate, forcing students to participate in learning, so that students from being passive to active, to develop good study habits. First, humanistic learning theory of meaning is based on humanistic psychology-based which means that learning is not a mechanical connection between the stimulus-response, but a meaningful mental process. Second, Humanistic Learning Theory has greater emphasis on emotional factors, emphasizing the emotional aspects of situations which advocates as much as possible directly into the study of the emotional world. In the teaching process, teachers must establish good relationships with learners to create a good learning atmosphere. Third, Humanistic learning theory focuses on the development of interest in learning, to satisfy the curiosity of the students of knowledge, it presents itself as an individual or activities of the things that the selective attitude and positive emotions. A n interest in art, his understanding of the activities will give priority to point to and art-related things, and show a positive emotional response. And this in the interest aroused after the learners to enable learners to maintain this focus, this also depends on keeping provided by modern education, media, situations change. Fourth, Humanistic learning theory assumes that students can be a result of open system, which emphasizes the main task of teaching to help students understand the constantly changing environment and their own, so that students based on their experiences in the world, from the complex facts and phenomena access to learning the specific knowledge and methods. In teaching, teachers give students to self-realization to provide a relatively free and relaxed learning environment and self-realization of the resources, students take the initiative to these modern education, media control, the use and selection approaches to enhance the intellectual capabilities of the students so as to achieve the spirit of Innovation and practical ability. Fifth, Humanistic learning theory is a self-development, even if the motivation from the outside, discovery, access, control, understand the feeling also comes from within. Themselves there is a need for self-realization, which constitute the motivation to learn, so this study is spontaneous, autonomous, self-conscious. The purpose of learning is to achieve self-learning process is the concept of people-oriented under the guidance of the students found that reveal themselves slowly and gradually move toward independence, toward the creation process. Themselves have a certain potential, our goal is to provide environment for these potentials can play only a learner teachers, a facilitator to help students self-realization. Thus, in teaching students to self-realization as much as possible to provide the learning space and environment to shape people. The Social Learning Theory by Bandura (1977) as cited in by Morris (2007) mentions a logical progression from the philosophy of pragmatism. The theory continues to identify that the learner is engaged in the social context as a â€Å"participating observer†. Thereby, the learner’s self-belief to perform or replicate specific tasks is influenced by the successful social behaviors and reinforcements that the role model (the entrepreneur) (Krumboltz, et al. 2006). The learner’s self belief is referred to as self-efficacy. According to Bandura, self-efficacy is intensified in the learner through any of four learning processes (listed from strongest influence to weakest): 1) The issue of teaching entrepreneurship is necessary to identify a learning theory that is determined by and remains consistent with the parameters of pragmatism. The th ree primary philosophical parameters, the view of the learner, the role of the teacher, and the type of learning, determine the learning theory. Although, the nature of the role of the pragmatic teacher is the same in nature as that of the learner, the pragmatic teacher is the facilitator/director of the becoming of the learner. The pragmatic teacher facilitates the experiences of the learner (Morris and Pai, 1999). Likewise, the learner facilitates the experiences of the teacher. Therefore, the learner and the teacher facilitate experiences for one another and are said to be co-investigators or co-learners in the field of entrepreneurship. Being the facilitator of the learner, the teacher has the opportunity to facilitate the learning by continuously introducing new experiences and thus the evolution of the truths and values of the next generation of entrepreneurs. The type of learning is therefore experientially based and continuous, thus, the learner is continuously revising and reconstructing experiences. Social Learning Theory according to Bandura proposes that learning occurs as a result of the learner observing the behaviors of others within a specified social context. Thereby, implying that in order for the learner to learn from the experiences of others, the learner must therefore, revise and reconstruct these observed experiences as they apply to the learner. Since this revising and reconstructing occur continuously sequential building of repeated successful performances; 2) the use of modeling through case studies and live role models; 3) feedback resulting from class discussions and specific feedback related to a specific performance; 4) self-assessment of capabilities through comparison of self to peers (Boyd and Vozikis, 2004). There is also a theory that presents learning mathematics in a Pinoy way. This is proof that Filipinos have contributions in the civilization of the world. This theory is known as Board Game Learning in Mathematics or the Damath. It comes from the Pinoy checker boardgame called â€Å"dama† and mathematics. It blends local culture, education and digital technology that aim to make math teaching and learning child-friendly, challenging and interactive. In its unique way, damath boardgame ushers the Filipino school kids into the new millennium by equipping them with competitive life-long learning for understanding and ICT-fluency skills. When school children play damath boardgame they also learn to explore, firm- up, deepen, and transfer to daily tasks the concepts of real numbers and its properties and operations. Moreover, it stimulates the children’s capability to think deeper through creative math storytelling, flowchart, concept map, tree diagram, picture riddle, haiku, cryptogram, secret code decoding, simulation, role playing, jingle or rap composing, reflection journal writing, and problem solving. This joyful and practical approach to contextualized teaching and learning math is the brainchild of 1981 presidential merit medal awardee teacher Jesus L. Huenda. As a public high school teacher in Sorsogon, Huenda always thinks of ways to optimize his talents to help others. This describes best this ordinary teacher who was cited by no less than the President of the Republic for his out-of-the-box â€Å"contribution in terms of innovative approaches in teaching and learning mathematics†. According to Huenda, this is how damath works: â€Å"I integrate some math concepts and numeracy skills in the indigenous boardgame of dama. In the 32 white squares (the other 32 alternately arranged squares are colored green) of the 88-square damath playing board, I put the symbols of mathematical operations like addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (? ) and division (? ). The 12 damath chips for each player are divided into two sets (blue and red chips): those with zero, and even numbers with positive sign (+); while odd numbers have negative (-) sign. The two playerstry to capture chips by adapting the existing dama rules to numeracy skills whichresult to higher positive points, while evading those with lower negative points. When the learners play damath, they aim to get higher point over the opponent. Capturing the opponent’s dama chips is strategically planned such that a player would target a chip representing high number. The game becomes a combination of strategic higher order thinking skills and basic mathematical operations. This strategy in teaching and learning math with Understanding by Desig n (UbD) framework has helped students look at Mathematics as a subject not so difficult to learn. Playing the electronic damath is also a contest on who gets the higher positive score which entails the use of the fundamental perations in math. â€Å"When students play the game, they tend to have deeper consciousness on the intricacies of the game. They get to consider every step that they make and how this can contribute to winning the game. In the process they develop analytical thinking skills,† Huenda explained. And there is no stopping Huenda from inventing edutainment games that teach students the basics in living such as entrepreneurship. Thus he came up with â€Å"entrepinoy damath,† a business venture game. Here, the fundamental operations of math and basic accounting are also used in the board game including debit and credit, simple bookkeeping, balance sheet and the like. The first set of damath chips represent rent, taxes, salaries, bonuses, discounts, cost price, and other operating expenses. The other half represents income like selling price, profit, savings, real property, building, equipment, etc. The game is played with the damath chips properly labeled: business expenses on one hand and business income on the other hand. The game is won by the one who has captured more chips representing incomes rather than expenses. With this learning for understanding approach, the learners are honed on strategic business models like the efficiency of incurring less cost in order to have more income. The learners also become conscious of effectively running a business venture,† Huenda explained. But in business as in life, the learners still have to be trained on values and ethics. So he came up with â€Å"damath de honor†. Here the damath pieces represent positive and negative Filipino ways including interpersonal relation, consumer protection, anti-corruption and red-tape practices. â€Å"Ipapakain mo ang negative values at makakaipon ka ng positive values. Dapat walang greed na siyang dahilan ng corruption at illegal business transaction,† he emphasized. Huenda opted to focus on educational technology innovations that will make a difference in basic education. The beneficiaries, no doubt, are the young school children who never imagined that the lowly boardgame of dama would ever play a significant role in their learning of life’s lessons. The Department of Mathematics Education, University of Georgia (2001) emphasizes that contextual teaching and learning involves both hands on learning and real world experiences. Contextual classrooms learn by doing. This allows students to understand the concepts more fully. It also takes the subject matter that can be learnt in the classroom and applies it to your everyday life. Students are motivated to connect the content of knowledge to the application. This is especially important in mathematics, because students often feel that they do not need math skills other than basic addition, subtraction, etc. When shown to them how they will use their skills in the everyday life, they are more likely to learn and be excited about learning it. Another view on the matter states that contextual teaching in mathematics needs a purpose of instruction such as application to daily lives and interactions. Lessons in contextual teaching should include meaningful contexts that help to create foundational knowledge for future reference. This type of teaching should actively engage students in the learning process, involving students in experiments with a wide range of content and ideas, being as creative as possible. Students should also be able to transfer what they have learned to real-world contexts when learning under contextual teaching in mathematics. Lastly, this study is to be complemented by the five (5) tips to help make the mathematics instruction more exciting, interesting, attractive, and hopefully effective by Lidstone (2004): 1) Help students  find real-life connections within each objective. Math is everywhere in  our everyday  life. Helping students to see how  a math concept  can  help them on a daily basis, or how it  is relevant to real-life often makes them more  receptive to the lesson. This may consider doing something as easy as incorporating names and interests in story problems being created; 2) Incorporate math games. Math games are a very effective way to make learning fun for students. Sometimes when students are playing an educational game the aren’t even aware they are learning, not to mention games typically involve cooperative learning, which students love. It must be sure the objective of the game coincides with the objective from the math lesson being taught; 3) Use hands-on manipulates and visuals. Pattern blocks, geoboards, number lines, dry erase boards and markers, teddy bear counters–these are all a math teacher’s best friends, and students love them as well. It is suggested to use a variety of manipulates and visuals to maximize student interest while giving them something more concrete to work with; 4) Try exploratory/discovery learning. Present a problem without giving much direction. Let the students figure out what tools they need to solve the problem. Pose  Ã‚  questions like:   What math operation will give you the answer you need? What items in the classroom will help you to reach the answer? Is there a way to check to see if your answer makes sense? Help those students who seem to be struggling individually, but let the other students run with it; and 5) Encourage students to share their thinking and strategies with the class. We all know there is more than one way to solve the same problem. Encouraging students to develop and share their own strategies enhances creativity  and  might even help those who are struggling to understand. Sometimes an explanation from a peer is easier to grasp  and might  help that struggling student to see a problem in a new, and possibly more clear  light. Conceptual Framework The results of this research can provide evidence that the potential for developing entrepreneurial orientation and promoting the abilities needed for a free and self-determined career has not been exhausted by any means. This will prove and show that the education process can have a considerable influence on entrepreneurial orientation, and that the Philippines’ call for the promotion of entrepreneurial spirit can be fulfilled in the sphere of education. Through the spirit of creative education – both learning and teaching creatively can lead to recognize and develop creative talent in students of all ages. These determined individuals are the hopes of the nation and can greatly build our future and can bring significant impact to humanity. It is undisputable that our countrys success lies in the hands of every Filipino citizen. Each one of us can contribute positive change to our nation. Likewise, we believed that everybody plays an important role to achieve owns countrys prosperity, from the child to the elders, from the peasant to the rich people, and from an ordinary mind to intelligent one. An avenue for being such is the adaptation of teaching techniques which can influence entrepreneurial orientation as well as inclinations which can ignite to start up a new business, can indeed be influenced considerably with potential targeted influences at the personality level, in the education process, and in the pupils immediate and general environment. The impact of entrepreneurial approach in teaching mathematics education will expectedly recognize as one of the crucial factors that will help youths to understand and foster an attitude toward entrepreneurship (Walstad, 2001). The attitude and knowledge of entrepreneurship will likely to shape their inclination to start their own business in the future (Wang Wong, 2004). It is timely to understand how to develop and nurture potential entrepreneurs while they are still students in school. In order to gain clearer understanding on the schematic diagram of the study, the researcher will consider the independent, dependent, and output conceptual model as shown in Figure 1, which will outline to the direction of the study. The independent variables include the entrepreneurial approach in teaching mathematics which involves the control group to be conducted the pre-test and the experimental group which is intended for the post-test. On the other hand, an intervening variables are presented which believe the factors than can affect the teaching and learning of mathematics through the aforesaid approach, which include the teachers’ and student’s profile. The former profile include age, educational qualification, and in-service trainings attended while the latter profile include age, gender, parents’ educational attainment, and family income. The dependent variables include the mathematics achievement of the Grade VI pupils, and the expected output is the implications in teaching mathematics using the contextual techniques. Statement of the Problem The main thrust of this study was to determine the effects of entrepreneurial approach in mathematics in teaching and learning process. It also aimed to let the students internalize and realize that there are some teaching approaches and techniques in acquiring knowledge of mathematics and to generalize the implications to their lives by the use of such approach, technique or strategy in learning numbers. Specifically, this study aimed to answer the following questions: 1. What is the socio-economic profile of the Grade VI pupils in Sultan Palao Ali Elementary School and Tagoloan Elementary School in terms of: 1. 1 age; 1. 2 gender; 1. 3 parents’ educational attainment; and 1. 4 monthly family income? 2. What is the achievement level of the control and experimental groups based on the posttest results of the Grade VI pupils in the Sultan Palao Ali Elementary School and Tagoloan Elementary School? 3. Is there a significant difference on the achievement level of the Grade VI pupils between the control and experimental group? . Is there a significant relationship between the achievement level of the Grade VI pupils and their demographic profile? 5. What implications in teaching mathematics using the contextual technique can be drawn based from the results of the study? Hypotheses Hypotheses in null form were formulated and tested empirically at 0. 05 level of significance. Ho1: Th ere is no significant difference on the achievement level of the Grade VI pupils between the control and experimental group. Ho2: . There is no significant relationship between the achievement level of the Grade VI pupils and their demographic profile. Significance This study will benefit the following : Curriculum Planners. This study will open their minds to support the educational goals of the Basic Education in the country when planning seminars or conferences toward the improvement of mathematics teaching and then making recommendations on the role of teachers, parents, and pupils in relation to strategies and approaches in acquiring knowledge in mathematics. School Administrators. They play a significant role in the entrepreneurial approach in teaching of mathematics. They must provide support to teachers – pedagogical, technical, financial, etc. As it is essential for teachers to meet and plan, some release time for teachers would be ideal. It also is their responsibility to communicate with parents so that these parents are not uninformed and misinformed. Lastly, as the leader, they have the authority to involve and encourage the whole school. Guidance Counselors. They certainly can offer suggestions and ideas based their own background on how they use mathematics in their own lives and jobs or how they solve a mathematics problem. They are the persons who can give pieces of advice and serve as allies and willing participants in the mathematics learneing of the children. Community. This study will to create a culture of healing with the capacity to help its members to gradually, but effectively, recover from the damages of protracted conflict affecting themselves, their families, and community members. This will also be the basis of their increasing awareness of the importance of an informed citizen in the communication and exchange of ideas about peace processes. Mathematics Teachers. This study will serve as basis in informing the learners on their tasks as instrument in imparting knowledge about peace education. This study will also be a worthwhile reference and source of information in peace education framework for the community. Parents. The results of the study will serve as information on the vital role of the of the parents as they are valuable resources for the classrooms. They certainly can offer suggestions and ideas based their own background on how they use mathematics in their own lives and jobs or how they solve a mathematics problem. Pupils. The result of this study will help them understand the essential roles of teachers and pupils in acquiring knowledge in mathematics as integrated in the curriculum. Future researchers. This study can serve as basis and benchmark for further similar studies to be undertaken along the line of entrepreneurial approaches in teaching mathematics. Scope and Limitations The locale of the study was focused in the three (3) complete elementary schools in Tagoloan District, Tagoloan, Lanao del Norte. These schools are: Sultan Palao Ali Elementary School, Tagoloan Elementary School, Kiasar Elementary School during the school year, 2011-2012. There are two (2) groups of respondents in this study, the Grade VI pupils and the mathematics teachers from the three (3) select elementary schools in Tagoloan District, Lanao del Norte. Moreover, for accessibility, familiarity, and security aspects of the researcher during the conduct of the study were the reasons why she chose Tagoloan District, Lanao del Norte as her locale of the study. From the three (3) complete elementary schools, the researcher utilized Kiasar Elementary School as the chosen school for the conduct of the validation of the researcher’s made questionnaire. Said sets of questionnaire were distributed to the 25 Grade VI pupils in the aforesaid school for the purpose of validation as a requirement in conducting research using the non-standardized questionnaire. The remaining two (2) complete elementary schools were automatically the chosen schools for the conduct control/traditional and experimental/entrepreneurial groups of respondents. The contents of the questionnaire for the pupils were focused only to business mathematics topics, like: percentages, simple interest, principal rate and time, estimating products of whole numbers and decimals, solving word problems in commission, rate of commission, total sales, total income, simple interest, rate and time. The study was conducted during the second semester of the academic year 2011-2012. It also involved in the scope and limitations of this study the independent, dependent, intervening variables, and output strategies, which were clearly emphasized in the conceptual framework. Definition of Terms For better understanding of the discussion in the succeeding chapters, the key concepts are defined conceptually or operationally: Anchored Instruction. This term refers to the major paradigm for technology-based learning that has been developed by the Cognition Technology Group at Vanderbilt (CTGV) under the leadership of John Bransford. The initial focus of the work was on the development of interactive videodisc tools that encourage students and teachers to pose and solve complex, realistic problems. The video materials serve as anchors (macro-contexts) for all subsequent learning and instruction. The primary application of anchored instruction has been to elementary reading, language arts and mathematics skills. (Bransford Stein 2003). Change and Innovation. In this study, this terms simply means the willingness of a concerned person to look at what perspectives are to be adapted and the desires to change for the better. This practice fuels improvement: improved products and features, improved methods, and improved knowledge. This belief is in line with the concept that innovation for betterment brings change. Cognitive Learning. This refers to a powerful mechanism that provides the means of knowledge, and goes well beyond simple imitation of others. This learning illustrates the importance of the acquisition of knowledge and skill by mental or cognitive processes — ;the procedures which are necessary for manipulating information in our heads. Cognitive processes include creating mental representations of physical objects and events, and other forms of information processing. (http://library. thinkquest. org/26618/en-5. 5. 3=cognitive%20learning. htm). Enhanced Mathematics Program. The students in an enhanced mathemetics program will   study the regular mathematics curriculum of their grade level, explore areas of mathematics outside of the regular curriculum, cultivate creative thinking in mathematics, and participate in all mathematics contests at their grade level in order to learn a variety of problem solving techniques (http://bci. rdsb. ca/math/enhanced-mathematics-bluevale). In this study, it provides the most accomplished mathematics students with the opportunity to broaden the scope of their mathematics learning at their grade level, and to provide them with the expanded problem solving opportunities that they might not normally experience in their regular class. Enterprise in Education. Is about taking an enter prising approach to teaching and learning. Enterprise encourages all young people to learn and develop in a way that meets their needs and develops skills for learning, skills for life and skills for work. They need to have the skills and attitudes to cope with an unpredictable future, to be able to deal with setbacks and disappointments in a positive way, and to continue to learn for the rest of their lives. From the earliest age, children have a natural ability to be enterprising and it is important for that ability to be nurtured throughout their education (http://www. ltscotland. org. uk/learningteaching andassessment/learningacrossthecurriculum/themesacrosslearning). Enterprise Learning. Is a kind of learning which is in a constant state of transformation. Where and how a person we learns, the roles and responsibilities of staff, supporting technologies and systems all are continually evolving. On the other hand, the enterprise learning research is designed to help you understand the trends and be prepared for what’s around the bend, the best practices for all areas of learning through industry studies, factbooks, research reports and bulletins, case studies, illustrative models, webinars, videos, and much more. (http://www. bersin. com/Research/Content. aspx? id=114fid=12572). Entrepinoy. In this study, this term refers to a Filipino entrepreneur who organizes and manages any enterprise, esp. a business, usually with considerable initiative and risk. Entrepreneurial Approach in Teaching Mathematics. In this study, this refers to the techniques, strategies, and procedures in learning mathematics in a business related approach. Moreover, this undertaking reflects a growing awareness that entrepreneurship is a process of becoming rather than a state of being (Bygrave, 1989). This also has the aim of internalizing the tolerance of ambiguity and examined as possible traits associated with entrepreneurial behavior. Entrepreneurship. In this study , this term means a â€Å"life skill† to promote the development of entrepreneurial attitudes from primary school right through to university level. It also refers to the factors influence entrepreneurial thinking and attitudes towards vocational and general secondary education. Exploratory/Discovery Learning. This type of learning refers an approach to teaching and training that encourages the learner to explore and experiment to uncover relationships, with much less of a focus on didactic training (teaching students by lecturing them). Exploratory learning does not necessarily mean an unguided or unconstrained learning environment, but does mean that learners may discover unexpected lessons and reach conclusions following various paths. Exploratory learning approaches are considered most appropriate for teaching generalized thinking and problem-solving skills, and may not be the best approach for such things as memorization (http://edutechwiki. unige. ch/en/Exploratory_learning). Humanistic Learning. This concerns the basic concern is for human growth. In this orientation the basic concern is for the human potential for growth. As Mark Tennant notes, the concern with ‘self’ is ‘a hallmark of humanistic psychology. The personal freedom, choice, motivations and feelings had to have their place are considerable factors in this type of learning (Tennant, 1997). Innovative Approaches in Teaching and Learning. As applied in this study, this phrase means the center for Innovative Teaching and Learning (CITL) of mathematics which provides instructional support for instructors from individual consultations to support for high-profile educational initiatives that impact the entire campus. This approach to eaching is designed practically for facilitating the learning of mathematics. Learning Mathematics Pinoy Style. This is a type of learning Mathematics in the heart of Pinoy na Pinoy’s cultural advocacy. It aims to help the youth appreciate their roots and strengthen their pride and love for Filipino culture and heritage. By bringing Pinoy na Pinoy to schools in the Philippines especially in introducing a technique in teaching and learning, hopes to do its part in molding a confident citizenry who carry the burning fire of cultural pride and a stronger sense of Pinoy identity and character (Morales, 2011). Self-efficacy Belief. This refers to the variety of ways: as the belief that one is capable of performing in a certain manner to attain certain goals, as a person’s belief about his/her capabilities to produce designated levels of performance that exercise influence over events that affect lives. This is also a belief that one has the capabilities to execute the courses of actions required to manage prospective situations. Additionally, it builds on personal past experiences of mastery. It is believed that personalized ideas of self-efficacy affect the social interactions in almost every way. Understanding how to foster the development of self-efficacy is a vitally important goal for positive psychology because it can lead to living a more productive and happy life (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Self-efficacy). Social Learning. This term usually refers to observational learning that occurs as a function of observing, retaining and replicating behavior observed in ones environment or other people. Moreover, if being applied as a theory of education, it means that it I an acquisition of social competence happens exclusively or primarily in a social group (Bandura, 1982 ) as cited in by (Morris, 2007).

Conan Doyles style Essays

Conan Doyles style Essays Conan Doyles style Paper Conan Doyles style Paper Holmes will know something that Watson and the reader dont, but he doesnt reveal it until he feels it is the right time. For instance when Holmes goes to see Silas Brown and Holmes leaned forward and whispered something in the trainers ear. He (Silas Brown) started violently and flushed to the temples. We do not know what was whispered in Browns ear, yet we know whatever Holmes said must be shocking as Brown was very surprised and went red in the face. Watson, and the readers, are ignorant in regard as to what happened. It is quite irritating, yet full of suspense, as we have been given all of the clues and still cannot find out the conclusion of the crime. Later, we find out that Holmes knew he took the horse, Silver Blaze, and this makes Holmess intelligence even more apparent. Silas Brown was so shocked that Holmes knew of his crime that he is convinced that I (Holmes) was watching him. This all builds suspense within the story as the reader does not know why something is happening but continues to read on in order to find out. The Red-Headed League is full of suspense as Mr Jabez Wilson explains his problem to Holmes. Mr Wilson has an assistant, Vincent Spaulding, who is willing to work for half wages which is rather odd if he knows he can get full wages. Also it was Spaulding who gave the advertisement to Mr Wilson in the first place, which is asking about The Red-Headed League who no one has ever heard of before, and Spaulding even took him to the interview. And it was strange when he introduced him to Duncan Ross This is Mr Jabez Wilson and he is willing to fill a vacancy in the League. Furthermore, it is once again odd that he got the job straight away and the reader wonders why Ross would ask Wilson if he has a family. The actual job is most peculiar as he must copy out the encyclopaedia and bring his own ink, pens, and blotting-paper, as well as not being allowed to leave the building for four hours. And Spaulding has promised that he will look after Wilsons business whilst he is doing his job during those four hours. Finally, it is extremely unexpected how the League dissolved abruptly and was no more which is very suspicious. Moreover, Ross is using two names; Duncan Ross and William Morris. He would only do that if he is hiding from someone or is hiding something himself. An additional very good example of suspense in The Red-Headed League, is just before the main resolution is about to take place. They are left to sit in absolute darkness, highlighting their use of other senses, for instance the smell of metal and the cold, dank air of the vault. The writing is slowed down by a lengthy description by Watson of the atmosphere and what he was feeling and experiencing; My limbs were weary and stiff, for I feared to change my position. Then the word suddenly stresses a sudden transformation in the surroundings and although the writing doesnt really speed up in the next paragraph the tension and feeling of suspense seems to amplify by something happening. The use of language is effective with powerful words emphasising the actions, like when Watson sees a lurid spark. The word gash is used and it makes the action seem forceful, and when the writhing fingers appear from the ground it seems creepy and surreal. This descriptive writing makes the tension build up to a climax until Sherlock Holmes jumps from his hiding place and seized the intruder by the collar, confirming his clever theory correct. After this the writing slows down again as safety is certified. In A Scandal in Bohemia there are many themes such as romance, scandal and suspense. The title of the story prepares the reader for action and a lot of suspense. It is the King of Bohemia that explains the problem to Holmes and as he is explaining the reader can tell that Holmes is one step ahead; I was aware of it, said Holmes dryly. and I was also aware of that, murmured Holmes and he was closing his eyes which indicates he is bored as he already knows all of this information. There is a lot of interesting vocabulary that is used to indicate a scandal such as; most extreme importance, secrecy, immense scandal, great delicacy, and seriously compromise. This intrigues the reader to carry on reading and to find out the answers to all of the questions going on in their minds like why is this King asking for Holmess help, what is his case, what does Irene Adler have to do with this story and so on. The tension builds up as the reader continues reading, and when Holmes cleverly finds out where the picture is hidden. Then we are all in for a shock when we find out that Holmes has been out-witted, especially by a woman. When he goes to her house and the maid informs him My mistress told me that you were likely to call, Holmes is extremely taken aback and he even staggered back, white with chagrin and surprise. The reader would usually expect another character to be shocked as Holmes is usually one step ahead all the time. Holmes tells the King that from what i have seen of the lady she seems indeed to be on a very different level to your majesty. Here Holmes is saying that even though Irene Adler is of a different status to the King and Holmes, she is very clever and has out-witted Holmes and also she is smart for keeping the photograph for future use. The Red-Headed League and A Scandal in Bohemia contrast as Holmes knew what was going to happen before the crime was even committed in The Red-Headed League whereas he was outsmarted in A Scandal in Bohemia. Conan Doyles style of writing is particularly sophisticated, humorous, perplexing and successful. Even though the structure of the stories is very similar, the storylines differ greatly and in spite of using the same technique of structure throughout, his stories do not become boring. In conclusion, his techniques of generating suspense are effective, with tension being built into sections and into the structure of the stories and only broken at the end, and this suspense in his stories makes them appealing and enjoyable to read.

15 Frequently Confused Pairs of Nouns

15 Frequently Confused Pairs of Nouns 15 Frequently Confused Pairs of Nouns 15 Frequently Confused Pairs of Nouns By Mark Nichol To help keep your writing crisp and precise, observe the distinctions between each pair of similar or closely associated words below: 1. admission/admittance: Admission is the act of being admitted, or allowed to join or enter; admittance is almost identical in meaning but is usually associated with permission (or lack thereof). 2. avocation/vocation: An avocation is a hobby or pursuit, as distinct from a vocation job or career. The former is derived from a word with the literal meaning of â€Å"called away,† and the latter is an antonym; it literally means â€Å"calling† and is related to the word voice. 3. bloc/block: Bloc refers to an alliance of people, groups, or countries. It is the French version of block, which may be but seldom is used to refer to the same concept. 4. bonds/bounds: A bond, among other meanings, is a restraint, so it is similar in meaning to bound, which means â€Å"extent, or limit† (as in boundary). But they are complementary, not interchangeable; one is bound with bonds. 5. cement/concrete: Technically, cement is the powder that constitutes the base of concrete, so any mass of material formed from a moistened mixture of cement and other ingredients should be referred to as concrete. 6. crevice/crevasse: A crevice is a narrow crack; crevasse, from the French version of the word, is a specific term for a large fissure in the ground or in ice. 7. dilemma/difficulty: A dilemma is a particular type of problem exacerbated by the fact that no solution is satisfactory. (The etymology of the word assumes only two possibilities, but it can apply to any number.) The term sometimes applies to any difficult decision but like many words is best reserved for a usefully distinct meaning. 8. dogma/doctrine: Dogma is employed as a synonym for doctrine especially in religious contexts, but the definition of the latter is â€Å"a statement or principle,† and the former often has the connotation of repressively authoritarian, rather than authoritative, opinion. (There’s another distinctive pair of words the former meaning â€Å"absolute† and the latter referring to expertise.) 9. ecology/environment: These words are often used interchangeably, but ecology has the more distinct connotation of a system of interrelationship between an environment and the organisms that inhabit it. 10. elegy/eulogy: An elegy is a sorrowful composition, usually for a person or a personification that is literally or figuratively dead. A eulogy, on the other hand, is a statement of praise for a deceased person. 11. empathy/sympathy: Empathy refers to the action of vicariously experiencing the thoughts and emotions of another, and the capacity for doing so, whereas sympathy is the mere act of consolation or feeling compassion. 12. ethics/morals: Ethics are, collectively, the principles of conduct according to a philosophy of moral behavior. The distinction between the two terms is one of theory as opposed to practice. 13. gamut/gauntlet: A gamut is a range. A gauntlet (or gantlet) is a glove. Confusion between the two unrelated words stems from the fact that you can run either one: To run the gamut is to move along a spectrum of choices; to run the gauntlet is to endure the punishment of literally or figuratively passing through a series of ordeals. (Originally, it referred to a double line of soldiers who rained blows on the victim.) 14. review/revue: The latter word is derived from the French form of the former term, but in the sense of a form of entertainment involving songs, skits, and other performances usually commenting on recent publicized events, only it is applicable. A similar production might be termed something like â€Å"The Year in Review,† but a production of musical and/or comical pieces is a revue. 15. tenant/tenet: These terms, unrelated in meaning, do share etymology: Each stems from the Latin word for â€Å"to hold,† the same one that is the root of tenacious. But a tenant is a person or other entity that holds property, and a tenet is an idea held to be true. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Slang Terms for Money5 Lessons for Mixing Past and Present TenseEnglish Grammar 101: Sentences, Clauses and Phrases

To investigate how iPhone maker Apple competes across the Smartphone Dissertation

To investigate how iPhone maker Apple competes across the Smartphone market - Dissertation Example The marketing of the iPhone was done in tandem with the branding that Apple had in place, providing a platform from which to launch the revolutionary product. This study will look at the ways in which the market has been cornered by the product and what ways the perception of the product affects its popularity. Through the use of the grounding theory, a primary study has been made with a participant group of fifty users of Smartphones. Through the information provided by the questionnaire, the popularity of the iPhone has been examined and the ways in which it was successfully marketed has been explored. Table of Contents Abstract Table of Contents Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 The Marketing and Demand for the iPhone 1.2 Challenges presented by the iPhone within the Market 1.3 Research Objectives 1.3.1 To evaluate the effectiveness of the marketing strategy used by Apple 1.3.2 To investigate the quality and usability of product by Apple 1.3.3 To determine the outcome of customer sati sfaction with the Apple iPhone 1.4 Research Questions 1.4 Overview of Chapters Chapter Two Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Smartphone Technology 2.3 The iPhone Release 2.4 Marketing Strategy 2.5 Competition in the UK Market 2.6 Chapter Summary Chapter Three: Methodology 3.1 Overall Research Plan 3.2 Research Design 3.3 Population and Sampling Size 3.3.1 Population 3.3.2 Sampling 3.4 Data Collection 3.4.1 Primary Data 3.4.1.1 Data Collection Methods 3.4.1.2 Pilot Study 3.4.1.3 Data Collection Time Table 3.4.2 Secondary Data 3.5 Data Analysis 3.6 Research Limitations 3.7 Chapter Summary Chapter Four: Data and Analysis 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Profile of the Respondents 4.3 Findings 4.4 Analysis Chapter Five: Conclusion and Recommendations 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Theoretical Implications 5.3 Managerial Implications 5.4 Limitations of the Study 5.5 Future Direction of Research 5.6 Summary References Appendix 1 Appendix 2 The iPhone: A study on the marketing strategies and the perception s of consumers about the Apple iPhone Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 The Marketing and Demand for the iPhone In the last decade, the creation of Smartphone technology has revolutionized the communications business. One of the initial products that was brought out into the public was the Apple iPhone. This product created a sensation that has yet to be rivaled by any other communications product to date. It hit the market with such force that it was sold out quickly and was on backorder for months after its release. The deal that Steve Jobs made with AT&T meant that only one wireless provider would have the product, thus creating a demand for AT&T service, but creating a necessity for other manufacturers to rush to mimic the product so other providers could carry the same type of communication advantages. In the UK, the iPhone can be used with a number of providers. According to the Apple website, prepaid service with Vodafone and Orange is available, along with service on monthly pla ns from O2, Orange, T-Mobile, Three, and Vodaphone (Apple 2011). The iPhone is the most used form of Smartphone technology within the UK. Through this study, the iPhone will be researched in order to discover why this phone has this depth of popularity and how the marketing has contributed to its large market share. 1.2 Challenges presented by the iPhone within the Market The iPhone is a revolution in the communications industry, creating an elite consumer who has a product that is in high

Explain the differences between the regulation of abortion in the Essay

Explain the differences between the regulation of abortion in the United Kingdom and the United States of America; and speculate how any reforms may occur - Essay Example The first is when a woman’s pregnancy seems to be life threatening. The latter term refers to any significant risks to both the physical and mental health of the patient. The medical risk must be something assessed by two doctors if the pregnancy has exceeded twenty four weeks. In the event that the pregnancy would cause severe medical damage to a mother or that it happens to be a medical emergency, then consent from just one doctor is enough to terminate the pregnancy. 2 The second circumstance that would allow for an abortion in the United Kingdom is in the event that the unborn child will have extreme mental or physical abnormalities. The abnormalities must be certified by a medical practitioner. It should be noted that the above two restrictions apply in Wales, Scotland, and England but not in Northern Ireland. All in all, abortions in the UK are illegal except for medical reasons. In this country, abortion was legalised in the 1970s after the proverbial case of Roe v. Wade. However there are still numerous laws in place to regulate abortions so as to ensure that it is done well; the first among these are the TRAP laws. 3 These are laws are directed towards medical practitioners offering abortions and do not apply to other types pf practitioners. The government introduced this so that there could be greater safety in the process of conducting abortions. These laws mostly dwell on the way the abortion procedure is conducted rather than the choices made prior to the abortion. Consequently, the laws normally affect doctors rather than mothers but the effects are also felt by women. His first requirement in these laws is that doctors offering abortion services need to have a valid licence and failure to do so will result in fines. The other one is that the department of health can check on performance of procedures during any hour of operation, clinics are

Feminism and Art Essay Example for Free

Feminism and Art Essay Feminist activity had been a rising concern in the late 1900’s which is based merely off of the emotional significance of personal and psychological reasoning. Rather than reacting on this issue based on historical evidence, the issue is based on immediate needs on the feminist attack. Linda Nochlin, and other important scholars and philosophers explain the psychology, philosophy, sociology, and history of art and the feminist movement pertaining to art. Linda Nochlin was the author of this piece, and used both her own knowledge to write this piece, as well as other scholars and philosophers arguments, injected them into her writing, and elaborated on their ideas and arguments. When pertaining to psychology, the issues mentioned and elaborated on were how women were rejected, which led to their thoughts, feelings, and emotions being affected. Because of this, this changed their way of interpreting things, and their views of things were different from men. From a philosophical stand point, Nochlin refers to John Stuart Mill who says that he suggests that we tend to accept things that come natural to us, or that are natural, like male domination; this means that males dominate over women, and women having no say in anything, accept what is natural because back in the day, male domination was a normal thing to women and was a natural behavior. Thinking about sociology, in society, men had to work and had to be educated. Women on the other hand were not allowed and treated as objects, and stayed home to have children and to continue on the male name. â€Å"In general, women’s experience and situation in society, and hence as artists, is different from men’s, and certainly the art produced by a group of consciously united and purposefully articulate women intent on bodying forth a group of consciousness of feminine experience might indeed be stylistically identifiable as feminists, if not feminine art. † Historically, women weren’t allowed to be educated unless they were wealthy, or had and greater importance over other women. This is why women didn’t know how to paint because they weren’t allowed to learn how, this is also why there were not so many women artists back then, and if there were, they were not well known. An important question that has been posed multiple times within this piece was, â€Å"Why have there been no great women artists? † 3 3 â€Å"Why have there been no great women artists† is what Linda is arguing. Her argument is that there are no great women artists that compare to all of these great and well-known artists that art historians study. These famous artists studied today are, Michelangelo, Rembrandt, Delacroix, Cezanne, Picasso, Matisse, etc. Linda also states that it is in human nature that men dominate women. It is an instinct that has been created ever since humans walked this earth, and is something that is still being battled today. By answering the question, â€Å"Why have there been no great women artists†, which has been questioned by many, Linda proves her arguments by referring to many who have either answered, or attempted to answer this question. Those who have either done it or attempted it are: John Stuart Mill, Artemisia Gentileschi, and Mary Ellmann. All of these theorists/writers attempted to answer the same exact question by simply reinforcing the negative implications, or by saying that there is a different kind of greatness that exists for women, and also how experiences that women go through in society affects their art, which may mean that they were not accepted by the great viewers, which were men. Men and women have different values and interpretation of art, and to men, women’s art was nothing. When structure of this essay is concerned, it is in fact structured in a number of 4 4 ways which include, historical events, arguments, theories, and facts. The argument is pronounced using different methods, which explains subjects using points from the other scholars and their explanations. Initially, the argument made was intangible, later it becomes clear when Nochlin first talks about the battle against feminism, and how it has been around for years, even decades. Later, she begins to say how feminism caused such emotional, and psychological damage and pain to women for a long period of time. Many reasons why feminism had occurred was explored by Nochlin, and answered the question by John Stuart Mill’s response to male dominancy. Her reasoning for why there were no famous female artists was because of men, and how they overruled women in society; her argument was supported with many arguments written from other writers in the past. At the end of each of her arguments, she ends with the famous question, â€Å"Why have there been no great women artists†, and leaves it to be answered by another writer. Many say it is in male nature to dominate, or maybe women just can’t achieve as much greatness as men. Maybe women paint from their psychological views of things, and this was frowned upon by men; women were not allowed to think, let alone paint about what they were thinking. When comparing known women artists to well known male artists, no woman artist compares to the master of art, Michelangelo. The next division of this essay was â€Å"The Question of the Nudes. † â€Å" We can now approach our question from a more reasonable standpoint, since it seems probable that the answer to why there have been no great women artists lies not in the nature of individual genius or lack of it, but in the nature of given institutions and what they forbid or encouraged in various classes or group of individuals†, p. 158. Since the 1800’s, nude models were females, and would go to school to help the new and sprouting artists to learn and practice art. Females who wanted to participate and learn to paint the human body were rejected because society did not allow women to look at another female or male nude. Men were allowed to study the female nude because to them, they were objects. However, male nudes (models) were never classified as objects. â€Å"As late as 1893, â€Å"lady† students were not admitted to life drawing at the Royal Academy in London, and even when they were, after that date, the model had to be â€Å"partially draped. † P. 158. Women had very little knowledge in painting and therefore were quite timid because of all the pressure that was placed on them by the society, and most commonly, men. Many of those who studied nude models and produced nude figure drawings later became doctors, and professional artists; once again women were not permitted to become either of those. In order to become a professional artist, however, you needed to be good in literature, and had to have knowledge of many techniques. It was uncommon for women to be educated because school’s had high expectations. There were consequences if a woman wanted to be a painter. If you were a woman painter, and were substantially committed to painting, you were expected to forget about having a future. This included a husband, family, career, etc. This was the case in the 19th century because women â€Å"couldn’t focus† on more than one thing at a time according to men and society, therefore our only options were to become a painter and have no outside life, or forget about being a painter and have a family. Women had come a long way by this time, and women were allowed to play music, sculpt, and draw, but were considered weak, and couldn’t pursue any labor work. One of the great women artists, Maurice Bompard, suffered greatly with her paintings because society classified them as being too sexual, and not serious enough; she struggled greatly to achieve the greatness she deserved. Rosa Bonheur was another well known woman artist, and her success changed the view of society on women artists, but still struggled because of her gender. Her father was a drawing master, so she loved to draw and paint at an early age. Rosa created a new style of painting in the 19th century, and this was to paint in smaller scale. She has the ability to capture naturalism, soul, and individuality, and was well known for her â€Å"Barbizon† landscapes. 6 , 6 The rhetorical method in this piece would be repeating the question, â€Å"Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists†, and this depicts the importance of this issue which has been raised by all of the philosophers, writers, and art historians that have been attempting to answer this question for decades. The tone of voice used in the essay is persuasion, frustration, and even determination, and this makes it easier for the reader to understand and illustrate what exactly the issue is and how important it is. In Nochlin’s â€Å"Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists†, she states the importance of women’s history, and makes women aware of how grateful they should be with everything women are allowed to do today. Because of those many strong women who stood up for what they believed in, women today have equal rights to men, and can pursue any path they so wish to take.

The Media: Does It Shape Societies View on Femininity? :: essays research papers

The Media: Does It Shape Society's View of Femininity? The question answers itself. Yes, the media definitely influences today's society via messages through the television, radio, magazines, and billboards. It seems that in today's day and age to even be â€Å"noticed† as a woman one must be tall, skinny, blonde, and countless other things that the â€Å"average woman† could only hope for. Today, if one is not comfortable with who or what they are, they may encounter many dilemmas. I found three convincing reasons to support my claim: the rise of eating disorders throughout history, percentages and statistics, and my own personal experience. The Rise of Eating Disorders Throughout History As far back as the 18th century, women began dieting. They submitted themselves to food deprivation, enemas, and purging. In order to achieve that â€Å"hourglass† figure, some women went as far as having their lower ribs surgically removed.(Collins 199) In the 1940s and '50s, full figure females were popularized by movie stars like Ava Gardner, Jane Russell, and Marlyn Monroe, but they were, however, short lived. With the introduction of Playboy ®, Vogue ®, and Cosmopolitan ®, eating disorders have quickly taken over our society. The great majority of American women are culturally conditioned to strive for a slender figure. Advertising, television, films, and the fashion industry relentlessly drive home the message, and women who don't â€Å" naturally† fit the mold often respond by dieting or even surgery. Percentages and Statistics According to the National Eating Disorders Association, â€Å" Media images that help to create a cultural definition of beauty and attractiveness are often acknowledged as being among those factors contributing to the rise of eating disorders†(165). Media messages screaming â€Å"thin is in† may not cause eating disorders but help to create a context in which people learn to put a value on their body. The media's power over our development of self-esteem and body image can be incredibly strong. According to a recent survey of adolescent girls, the media is their main source on women's health issues ( Common Wealth Fund 348) , and researchers estimate that 60% of middle school girls read at least one fashion magazine regularly (Levine 1997). Another study of mass media magazines discovered that Women's magazines had 10.5 times more advertisements and articles promoting weight loss than men's magazines did (ctd. in Guillen & Barr 465). There was a study of 4,294 network television commercials which revealed that one out of every 3.8 commercials send some sort of â€Å"attractiveness† message, telling

Case 275

Solomon Garber BPL 5100 – Prof. LaManna – Individual Case Study Case# 275 Interboro, once a small manufacturer of scalpels and other surgical equipment, became the world’s best-known maker of prosthetic limbs and surgical implants under the leadership of Jack Dodson. The structure of the company, under Dodson, was very unique. As CEO, Dodson would routinely conceive new product ideas, go directly to his R&D department and see the product through from inception to completion. In the following case study analyses, I will analyze what went wrong with Interboro, as well as advise Ms.Francesca Fortas on the appropriate direction to take the company as she takes over from Mr. Dodson. Interboro’s weaknesses under Dodson’s leadership were very apparent. For starters, Jack would completely bypass his senior team on new product initiatives and how those products would fit into the broader strategy of the company. From this, we can infer that the company had a very passionate CEO who prided himself on product innovations, while simultaneously neglected other crucial areas necessary for continued success. Marketing was perhaps the company’s biggest incompetency.Soon thereafter, the company lost its innovating edge, one of its major initial strengths. Interboro’s external environment started to become a serious threat. Competitors were developing products that went beyond Interboro’s patents and designs. The competition within the industry was growing and their products outperformed the incumbents’. Based on my analysis of the companies strengths, weaknesses and external environment, I can confidently say that the company was in dire need of a savior and could no longer operate the way it was.I have illustrated the situation below: There is a very unique correlation between the company’s strengths, weaknesses and external environment. The lack of communication between Jack and his team, a weakness, direct ly leads to the company falling behind the competition, its external environment. The company’s corporate level strategy is in shambles. When the CEO secludes himself from the rest of his team and only focuses on one aspect of business level strategy, product innovation, the company will not operate at full capacity.Interboro’s business level strategy can be summed up in the following quote by its head of production, Frank Tambor: â€Å"he didn't have much faith that anyone in the company could come up with ideas, so he didn't really develop the capability. † When analyzing this quote, we can conclude that their was close to zero employee participation in Interboro’s day to day operations. My biggest recommendation to Francesca Fortas, the new CEO set to take over the reigns from a deceased Jack Dodson, is to recreate the Jack Dodson model of strong eadership. Francesca must adopt a hybrid model, one that uses Jack’s confidence as CEO, and his effi ciency to bring new products to market, while also getting employees involved and actually implementing employee suggestions. According to Ernesto Poza, a leading business consultant, making the employees involvement is a hallmark of good business. Making a larger percentage of manager’s compensation based on sales and profits is the first strategy that should be adopted. It is easy to institute and drives immediate action and results.Francesca is not suitable to oversee an entire reorganization of the company, rather, by utilizing her technological skills and business savvy, and adopting this hybrid model of strong leadership by employee involvement, she will likely champion Interboro into a new era of profitability. It is possible to adopt this hybrid model; it has been done before, most notably by Jack Welch, former CEO of GE. Mr. Welch was going to quit his first engineering position at General Electric because he was dissatisfied with the bureaucratic ways in which the c ompany operated.He was persuaded to stay and eventually was promoted to VP. He used his new position to simplify the management structure while at the same time vouching to be #1 or #2 in the industries GE participated in. This is precisely what Francesca must accomplish. Simplify the management structure, as opposed to an entire reorganization, while being as aggressive as Mr. Dodson was at getting products to market. The bottom line is that more people need to be involved in the entire operation, from product brainstorming and design to manufacturing and market.

High school dropouts: proposal Essay

This research seeks to answer the question of the influence that dropping out of high school has on a person’s tendency toward crime. Studies have shown that most persons who do not have a high school diploma are at an economic disadvantage compared to those who have finished high school. It has also been shown that many prisons have a high concentration of members who have not finished high school. This study will take questions to a group of inmates at a local prison as well as a group of high school students in the same area. It will use questionnaires that contain items which attempt to probe issues concerning the criminal exposure of inmates during and after high school as well as that of current high school students. The results will be analyzed and correlated using graphs and charts in order to shed light on the influence that the lack of a high school diploma has on criminal activity. Introduction Several reasons have been cited by researchers to explain why students decide to drop out of high school. One of these reasons is a lack of adequate early-childhood preparation (Reynolds et al. , 2001). Children who receive inadequate educational preparation in the early stages of their lives often find it difficult to grasp the concepts being taught at the high school levels. These children might also not have had proper exposure to the types of behaviors and study habits necessary for success in high school. These, and other problems associated with them, often lead to an inability to cope with the demands of the educational environment (2001). Lack of adequate financial support also plays a part in causing students to drop out of school (Ingrum, 2006; Reynolds et al., 2001). It is often the case that students are unable to access the materials necessary for success in school due to lack of funds. Furthermore, poverty often drives students to seek jobs (or even less honorable ways of earning money) before their high school education officially ends. This often has also to do with a lack of appropriate emotional and family support, which often ebbs when finances are low. Furthermore, some parents of these students have hardly attained high school diplomas themselves and are therefore incapable of assisting these children with assignments (Sum et al., 2003). Finally a lack of intellectual aptitude, which manifests in the form of learning disabilities, has been cited as having a significant part to play in prompting students to drop out of school (Ingrum, 2006). Schools are largely accommodating to those persons of average intelligence who have little or no endogenous difficulties learning. These students often find it particularly difficult to perform even the fundamental functions of education, such as reading and simple arithmetic. Many who do drop out are disadvantaged compared to their counterparts who possess diplomas. These people are more likely to be unemployed, as employers for substantial and adequately paying jobs generally seek high school graduates. These persons are also more likely to be underemployed, as it is often difficult to find full time positions that seek to employ persons who have not completed high school. Because of these previously mentioned effects, high school dropouts are also more likely to be on welfare, and it has also been demonstrated that these persons are more likely to be incarcerated (Lochner & Moretti, 2003). Many programs exist that center on the rehabilitation of dropouts because such persons are considered more likely to be desperate. The reality of being marginalized when it comes to eligibility for adequately paying jobs often drives persons toward feelings of low self worth and even toward such extreme measures as crime (Lochner & Moretti, 2003). It is often the case that persons who fall into this desperate category are those who have mental or physical challenges and who need the help of these programs (Ingrum, 2006). However, a large proportion of them are considered more likely to have emotional/behavioral problems, and it is quite often members of this group of dropouts that show up in prison populations (Lochner & Moretti, 2003). Such persons are considered a drain on the government for several reasons, one of which is lost revenue from taxes. Persons who have no high school diploma are usually able to command lower wages or salaries than those who have graduated. This lower wage translates to a lower portion of income tax payable to the government. Furthermore, these persons are often also on welfare, and the cost of these programs to the government increase with each person that benefits from it. The cost of prison programs is also significant to the government. Since, therefore, it is considered that the prison population contains a higher concentration of dropouts than the general population (Lochner & Moretti, 2003), it might be seen that high school dropouts contribute more on average to the drain on the government due to prison programs than do members of the general population. Hypothesis Lack of education as demonstrated by dropping out of high-school leads to an increased likelihood of criminal arrests in young people. Methodology: variables and instrumentation The main instrument that will be used in this study is the questionnaire. This will be administered to 130 prison inmates from (NAME OF PRISON) in (NAME OF CITY & STATE) and 130 students of a high school in the same neighborhood. The questionnaire given to the inmates will consist of approximately 25-30 items that will deal with the level of high school education attained and arrests suffered by the inmate. The participants will be given choices regarding their schooling, ranging from below eighth grade level (< 8) to below twelfth grade level (< 12). They will also be given a chance to indicate whether high school diplomas were received by the time they reached 18 years of age or after 18 years. The questionnaire will also contain items that deal with the inmates’ criminal history. Items will attempt to elicit information concerning the number of arrests participants have experienced. It will also distinguish between number of arrests and number of convictions. Participants will also provide information regarding the number of juvenile arrests and convictions they have had, as well as the length of the sentence(s) which they currently serve and/or have served in the past. The questionnaires for the students will include items concerning the students’ career goals, role models, access to homework help, and the difficulty of specific core classes or skills (Mathematics, English, and Reading). They will be asked to give their GPA’s. The students will also be asked questions about those they know who have dropped out of school. They will be asked how many of their friends or acquaintances dropped out in the different grades—ninth to twelfth, and ask to rate the degree to which these dropouts’ behaviors might be considered deviant. The students will also be asked whether they ever considered dropping out of school and whether they think they would. Finally, they will be asked questions concerning their exposure to weapons and people who commit crimes. The responses to the questions for both groups will all be presented on a Likert scale ranging from â€Å"strongly agree† to â€Å"strongly disagree. † Interviews will also be sought with two or three of these inmates. The possibility of conducting an interview via the internet (instant messaging or voice programs) or via phone will be investigated. The interview questions will be more open ended, but will tend toward eliciting information concerning the inmates’ views on how they consider their lack of a high school diploma to have influenced their current situation. No interviews will be sought with the students.

13 years, 9 guys, 1 goal the story of the 2002-2003 Sam Rayburn Rebel High School Varsity Basketball Team

13 years, 9 guys, 1 goal the story of the 2002-2003 Sam Rayburn Rebel High School Varsity Basketball Team 13 years, 9 guys, 1 goal13 years, Nine Guys, One Goal! Some of you, whether it's baseball, softball, or bull riding, have a passion for a particular sport, in my case its basketball. In my last year of high school, I was a part of a varsity basketball team that had a tradition of losing. It had been thirteen years since the Sam Rayburn Rebels had made it to the postseason. Talented team, after talented team failed to make the playoffs for thirteen years. But last year nine guys decided to change everything and hang a district co-championship banner atop of the gym. I would like to inform you about the hard work that was involved in our efforts to bring the word "playoffs" back into the Sam Rayburn vocabulary. Then I will mention the relationship between the members of the team, and lastly, our achievements throughout the season.Sam Rayburn House, Bonham, Texas Historical MarkerIn order to achieve our goals, we knew that we were gong to have to put in many hours, and many longs days o f practice in the gym. We did just that. Most people don't even get up at 6:00 in the morning, but our team was actually inside of the school gym doing shooting drills by 5:45. And after school, we would stay till 6:00 at night and occasionally till 7:00. We would do this Mon-Fri every day, not because our coach made us but because we wanted so desperately to make the playoffs and end the so-called curse. The mornings before games we would get up extra early so we would have just enough time to watch the film of our previous game.If you plan on reaching the goals you have set out for yourself, not only do you have to have good work ethic but you...

Doing Sales the Old Fashioned Way. Yup it’s Cold Calling.

Doing Sales the Old Fashioned Way. Yup it’s Cold Calling. The Dreaded Cold Call Does the very phrase â€Å"cold calling† send shivers down your spine? A September 2014 Forbes article, 10 Sales Techniques To Never Cold Call Again, notes that â€Å"cold calling is a dreaded and daunting task that strikes fear down the backs of even the most fearless of marketers.† I’m not a stranger to cold calling. As a fairly new college graduate, I worked at the Volunteer Legal Services in Oakland, CA, where part of my job was to call attorneys and ask them to accept pro bono cases. Most of them said no. But since then, I’ve had very little need to cold call- and frankly have avoided it, believing that it was simply inefficient. When Mark, one of my first unofficial business coaches, yelled at me because I wasn’t making enough cold calls to drum up business, I blatantly ignored him. Nothing Else is Working! When the print version of my book, How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile, became available in November 2015, I had a dream that the book would be snapped up by every college bookstore in the country. But I soon faced the harsh reality that this was not happening- not even slightly. Without a publisher and its attendant publicity machine, I had a challenge: How would I let college bookstores know about the availability of my book? One thing was for sure: My dream would not be realized if I didn’t do something. I reached out to my resources for help. A friend who has connections to college career services failed to return my emails and phone calls. â€Å"Contact the National Association of College Bookstores (NACS),† said my business coach. So I contacted NACS and discovered, after 3 months of waiting, that â€Å"We don’t have a good means of single title promotion.† I tried going to the marketing department at the distributor of my book (Ingram), who came back with, â€Å"It would be up to you as the ‘publisher’ to promote and market your book and direct people to our distribution partners to place an order.† Gee thanks. Biting the Bullet- Picking Up the Phone Finally, it got through my thick skull that there was no easy way to do this. So I started cold calling. First, I walked into the University of Wisconsin Bookstore in my home town of Madison. They ordered two copies. Encouraged, I called the Yale Bookstore (my alma mater). They ordered two copies too! Not only that, but the Barnes Noble in Madison was happy to order a couple of copies for their shelves! I called some more college bookstores. Some of them said no. Others, to my great joy, said yes! Here’s where my book will be carried as of this writing: Yale University NYU University of Wisconsin-Madison (downtown and Hilldale) University of Chicago Evergreen State College Alabama University Iowa State University University of Utah Barnes Noble, East Towne Mall, Madison, WI Here I was looking for a broad solution that would not require the work of making individual phone calls to individual bookstores. I was so stuck in thinking there must be a better way that I missed out on the opportunity to do it the old fashioned way. Once I started calling, I started getting results. Of course I can’t possibly call every book store in the country and ask them to carry my book. But I can call a lot of them, and if people buy the book, at some point I trust the balance will tip. Coach Mark, if you’re reading this, guess what?! I’m making cold calls. And it’s working. If you like How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile and want to see the print book in your local Barnes Noble or other bookstore, please let them know about it and let me know if I can add to the above list! And if there’s a situation in your life where you’re waiting for a magical solution, maybe that solution is simply picking up the phone, and dialing.

Prepare a brief summary report on 3 key employment relations issues Essay - 1

Prepare a brief summary report on 3 key employment relations issues for an Australian company about to expand its operations into a country in Europe or Asia - Essay Example Such expansion is usually a resultant of continuous profit making and can either be within or without the business host country. When looking to expand a business into another country, it is vital to take into contemplation numerous factors. The employment relation issue is one key factor including others such as the costs of operations in that business and the trade market exchange prevailing in the country. All these factors are taken into account prior to such ventures in preparation for all and any situations that might arise (Dascalova, 2008: p.82). In an instance like this where an enterprise is venturing all the way into another continent, it is of upmost importance that research and such preparations conducted. This highly attributes to the fact that such places depict remarkably different environments and operational responsibilities, laws and regulations. Employment relations issues mainly deal with the pertinent issues between a business or employer and its employees. The management of employee relations is paramount in ensuring that the business ideals and goals are upheld while also catering for the rights of employees. It advocates for a win-win position on both sides of the business and employees. The business may, for example, may manage this relation by establishing of regulations regarding discipline, performance, conflict of interests and conduct. Employees, on the other hand, are safeguarded labor laws and regulations, employee unions and rights groups among others (Walters, 2011:42). India, a country in Asia is well known for its large involvement in commercial and technological development. It is also highly densely populated and developed thus making it a significant target market for most companies. Due to this, the country has stipulated substantial labor laws that are as a hindrance for the current slow pace in developmental growth (McNair, 2009: p.2). There are various employment relation issues in the country that would have