The dark tourism Essays

The dull the travel industry Essays The dull the travel industry Essay The dull the travel industry Essay Introduction of the Problem The travel industry covers army signifiers of movement and a wide extent of finishs. Dull Tourism depicts a specialty sort of touristry which covers the preliminary of topographic focuses where cataclysms or truly outstanding perishes have happened of foundations covering with the legacy of humankind ( Tarlow, 2005 ) . Especially in the last decennaries, dull touristry has gotten clearly progressively mainstream and has gotten all the more going to ( Stone, 2009 ) . Foley and Lennon ( 1999 ) area that touristry related with locales of expire is enlisting a quick developing. Smith ( 1996 ) found in her examination on war and touristry that the memorabilia of fighting and associated stocks likely structures the biggest individual class of tourer appealing powers known to man, in spite of the catastrophes and dissuasive episodes which have occurred at that place. Probably the most punctual outline of dim tourer destinations in the start of the nineteenth century was a gaol in the United States of America, which got open contribution on account of its compositional innovations and new examples ( Stone, 2009 ) . In the mean time, sing destinations of perish and calamity has formed into an overall marvel. Be that as it may, the interest for dull touristry musca volitanss is different. Adjacent to the issue of perish, contribution in human progress, history or only the longing for delight are potential grounds why 1000000s of individuals are sing topographic purposes of dull touristry ( Stone, 2006 ) . Regardless of an expanding entirety of surveies regarding the matter ( Seaton, 1996 ; Lennon and Foley, 2000 ; Sharpley and Stone, 2009 ) there is as yet an inadequacy of understanding what truly inspires universes to see destinations of dull touristry and to indict themselves with the subjects of perish, fiasco and race murder. Because of the way that dim touristry is a turning signifier of touristry, it is important to comprehend why individuals are roused to see topographic focuses where others have endured. Reasons for the Bachelor Thesis The goal of this review is to put the inspirations of visitants sing previous battlegrounds where truly of import clashes have been battled. This study will give a superior, hypothetically educated misgiving regarding tourer intention and its capacity in the assurance contriving technique. The undermentioned requests will be analyzed in regards to this subject: Which push factors play a capacity in guests? intention to front lines? Which pull factors play a capacity in guests? intention? What capacity do curiously level of guidance, inclusion ever, media and individual association dramatization in guests? rationale? Which other visitant inspirations impact the assurance to see battlegrounds? System Structure of the Thesis This Bachelor Thesis is separated into a hypothetical and an observational segment. The finish of the hypothetical part is to flexibly and elucidate the speculations, footings and definitions utilized in this review to compose an intensive writing reappraisal to reconsider writing for planing the exploration and understanding the discoveries. Dull Tourism Meaning of Dark Tourism Lennon and Foley depicted the term dull touristry as the wonder which envelops the introduction and ingestion ( by visitants ) of existent and commodified perish and disaster destinations ( 1996:198 ) . A representation of extremely early signifiers of dull touristry would be the gladiatorial rounds of the Roman nation or open executings in medieval age ( Stone, 2009 ) . Boorstin ( 1964, in Stone 2009 ) states that the principal composed circuit in England in 1838 was an outing via train to observe the hanging of two outlets. Dim touristry destinations and alluring powers are non just going increasingly more famous ( Sharpley, 2005 ) however alongside change massively in their introduction of perish. They reach from quipping places of frightfulness, over perish locales of praised individuals to topographic purposes of mass killing like the Holocaust expire cantonments. Seaton ( 1996 ) refers to a figure of appealing powers, including the battleground of Waterloo and the inhumed city of Pompeii ; the last is supposed to be the best and most commended thanatoptic travel finish of the Romantic time frame ( Seaton, 1996 ) . As opposed to Stone, Seaton lean towards using the definition thanatourism then again of dull touristry. He depicts thanatourism similar to the movement to an area totally, or halfway, roused by the longing for existent or representative brushs with expire, particularly, however non altogether, savage perish, which may, to a shifting evaluation be initiated by the individual explicit qualities of those whose perishes are its central articles ( 1996:240 ) . This would mean that individuals, going to dull destinations, are dynamic going at that place so as to see the quality of such topographic focuses. In add-on to this, he accepts that thanatourism is characterized by the customer s inspirations and that solitary voyager intention do play a capacity in this kind of touristry. Another definition matched up with dim touristry is the term dark musca volitans , which are business improvements of grave locales and destinations in which acclaimed people or huge Numberss of people groups have met with abrupt and vicious expires ( Rojek, 1993:136 ) . Rojek shows three distinct delineations of Black Spots the day of recognition of John Fitzgerald Kennedy s killing in Dallas, Texas, the one-year light fire vigil in memory of Elvis Presley and the one-year pioneers excursion to the segment of the Californian fundamental street where James Dean passed on in an auto bang. Both the looks dull touristry and thanatourism will be utilized in this exploration, since they have a similar hugeness, however are in any case deciphered. Thanatourism depends on the persuasive feature, while dim touristry is fascination severally area based. Interestingly, dark musca volitanss are a pieces of the dull touristry range and rather depict topographic purposes of unexpected and brutal expire. In this occasion, memorial parks would non be bit of dark topographic point destinations. Seatons perusing will be utilized in the undermentioned review. As I am look intoing inspirations of individuals sing dim tourer locales, I embrace the meaning of Seaton in light of the fact that it is more detailed and preferred understandable over the meanings of Rojek, Lennon and Foley. Moreover the definition fits better as inspirational position. Characterization of dim touristry Dim touristry is, in its varying signifiers, multi-faceted, multi layered and exists in a grouping of cultural, social, land and political settings ( Stone, 2009 ) . A full grouping of all demise related alluring powers is extremely mind boggling and hard. Moreover, rather than Foley and Lennon, Seaton ( 2006 ) states that thanatourism takes a shot at coherency between two components: premier, if the explorer has simply at least one inspirations to see a topographic purpose of perish, and furthermore, the stretch out to which the inclusion in expire is individual focused or size of-death focused. Referencing to Figure 1, it very well may be reasoned that individuals sing locales of perish, for outline a battleground or a jail where a connection has kicked the bucket or has endured, have a powerless thanatourism segment in their thought process. The association in perish is individual focused on the grounds that this is the purpose of visit in the main case. Interestingly, individuals who are sing similar sights however have no relations or companions which may hold endured at that place, show a solid thanatourism segment. They are keen on expire itself and are captivated by those sights. Dim touristry flexibly and request Clearly individuals have for some time been pulled in to topographic purposes of expire and calamity. In footings of flexibly, there has been a quick developing in the stipulation of such appealing powers or encounters ; in this way, there seems, by all accounts, to be an expanding figure of individuals intense to pick up from topographic purposes of expire as tourer alluring powers, for example, a cultivator in Pennsylvania who offered a circuit of the clank site of the United Airlines Flight 93 one of the 9/11 airplane ( Bly, 2003 ) . Marcel ( 2004 ) perceived that there is a tremendous extension and assorted variety of dim touristry gracefully when she analyzed whether expire makes an excursion , and indicated that dim touristry is a part of the touristry marvel and called it dirtied little mystery . So as to investigate the marvel of buyer request of dull tourer locales, it is important to examine the subject both from the flexibly and request position. As Seaton ( 1996 ) accepts, dull touristry is fundamentally a conduct marvel, characterized by tourer inspirations instead of impossible to miss highlights of a site or alluring power . To construct any model, both interest and flexibly requests to be mulled over. For Foley and Lennon, dull touristry is a transiently, on a very basic level western marvel dependent on non-intentional visits because of good fortune, the way of circuit organizations or the basically amusing who happen to be in the region ( 2000:23 ) . Therewith, in the two exploration specialist s assessment, dim touristry request is made unintentionally and is currently part of circuit organizations plans, with the intend to do cash by obtaining tourers to a dull nation which is situated close to the ways. In this case, the exploration laborers unequivocally proclaim that dull touristry is flexibly determined. Because of the request whether individuals coincidently run over dull tourer destinations, as Foley and Lennon ( 2000 ) accept, this subject must be considered basically. It must be referenced that request and gracefully are dynamic and ever adjusting. For outline, London Dungeon has ever uncover

Role of Client Servicing in Infrastructure Company

Job of Client Servicing in Infrastructure Company Prelude Organizations with a high client degree of consistency know the estimation of customer overhauling. Basically, this is the way toward making and keeping up a solid working compatibility with every client. Regularly alluded to as client care, it is tied in with understanding the requirements and wants of the client, and moving to address those issues in a proactive way. While there are various customer administration programs available today, there are a couple of components that structure the reason for any kind that is powerful. One of the most significant keys is furnishing the customer with individuals who realize the record well and can be of help at whatever point required. This implies looking past the information that is accumulated during the deal cycle. Customer adjusting directs that the seller build up a working information on the objectives of the client, the conditions that the customer works inside, and what desires must be met so as to keep the customer. Numerous organizations tragically secure another client, at that point never permit the business contact to acquaint other help work force with the new customer. Regularly alluded to as a handoff, this permits the client to be gradually relocated from depending on the business contact and start to build up a relationship with client care experts. The thought is to enable the new customer to comprehend that the individual in question has a help group that is set up for the long stretch. Substance Presentation Target of study Job of A customer adjusting official Prologue to Infrastructre Company. Research philosophy End List of sources Presentation Promoting offers intriguing, worthwhile and intellectually fulfilling profession alternatives. In the course of the last 5-6 years the matter of adverting has expanded manifolds. Before you intend to enter the field you have to know how an ordinary promoting organization is organized. For the most part, the different offices are: * Client Servicing/Account Management * Media Planning * Creative, which incorporates: Duplicate journalists Visualisers Customer Servicing/Account Executive Customer Service Executive: As the name clarifies, you will go about as the extension between the customer and the office. You will address the customer to get a short comprehension of what he/she needs. What's more you will likewise read the market for the item or administration for which the notice is being made, investigate showcase elements, target clients, their requirements and standards of conduct, the contending item, purchasing behaviors of clients and different other market related elements. In the wake of experiencing the whole procedure the Client Service Executive at that point readies the concise which will be utilized by the inventive, account arranging, and media arranging division of the office. Over cups and cups of espresso youll conceptualize about the item includes, the objective market and clients, system what the promotion will talk, how it will talk and other significant subtleties to choose the correct idea for the notice. It will at that point be taken over by the innovative individuals, visualisers and the media-arranging division who will set up an introduction for the customer. It is simply after the customers endorsement that the advertisement lands at the creation table. Customer adjusting administrators are likewise called Account Executives. As a student in this division you will answer to the Vice President †Accounts or an Accounts Director. The top manager plans business extension (getting more customers by moving toward different organizations), actualizes the plans with the assistance of Account Executives; and controls all the exercises. His fundamental obligation is to arrange all the exercises identifying with advancement and usage of promoting efforts. Simply under the Vice President/Director Accounts are senior and junior Account Executives. In huge organizations there might be a couple of Account Supervisors who care for huge corporate records. Positioning shrewd Account Supervisors are legitimately underneath the Vice President/Director Accounts. Various Account Executives report to the Account Supervisors. Youll cooperate every day with existing just as new customers. Some enormous offices additionally have an alternate division called Account Planning office headed by Senior Manager/Manager Account Planning. Senior Account Executives get the chance to work here. What is a customer Servicing Executive? Customer overhauling official ought to produce new customers Publicizing organization runs by getting new customers or holding their current customers and help in marking their administrations through compelling promoting arrangements. Henceforth, customer overhauling turns into the most indispensable piece of an office. Customer Servicing Department The significant focal point of a customer overhauling office lies on: Creating new customers Improving existing client relationship Open relationship Customer overhauling division is a critical piece of any publicizing organization which manages TV, print, radio or Internet. Customer Servicing Executive Customer overhauling official goes about as the extension between the customer and promoting office. He speaks to what the organization is about and what it is able to do. The customer adjusting official is liable for all the interchanges that occurs between the customer and the organization. Duties of a Client Servicing Executive The customer adjusting official is answerable for taking care of inquiries from the customers. Should bring down briefnotes from the customer and roll out the ideal improvements according to the client’s needs by conveying to the inventive group. Have an inside and out information about the customers items, brand, culture, showcase position and their general needs/administrations. Ought to have model relational abilities, in order to expand the solace levels of the customer. The customer overhauling official ought to guarantee that the customer remains with the publicizing office for a more drawn out timeframe. Answerable for producing business and charging from the customer. Characteristics of Client Servicing Executive Directions with all the offices in the organization and customers, other than remaining quiet under tension Ought to have great administrative, introduction and uncommon relational abilities Ought to invest abundant measure of energy with the customer, satisfying their needs and prerequisites Go to gatherings with the customers when there is a need and scribble down the brief of the meeting Customer overhauling official ought to be all around prepared and appropriately attired Customer adjusting official is the essence of a promoting organization. Thus, enrolling a fitting customer overhauling official will improve your business needs. How to Define a Good Client Service? Organizations work when they have clients or customers, and organizations endure and grow when they have great customer administration. Great customer, or client, administration is a sign of regarded organizations, to the degree that few associations, including the Customer Service Institute of America, give yearly honors to organizations that offer brilliant assistance to the individuals who prop their business up. Characterizing great customer administration is generally a matter of putting the client first and settling on business choices that permit the organization to react to advertise changes and give clients the most ideal help. Stage 1 Furnish clients with the best assistance you can in an opportune way. Remember that your customers would prefer not to be continued pausing. In the event that you guarantee an item or administration inside a specific measure of time, make certain to give it inside that time, or offer the client something to apologize for the time expansion. The word will spread about a business that stays faithful to its commitment to convey on schedule. Stage 2 Spot the client needs first by tuning in to what the client needs. Organizations that tune in to their clients are bound to hear what the client needs and along these lines have the option to react viably. Tune in to the client’s needs, and regard anyrequestsor suggestions of the customer. Doing so will show the customer that his needs are your primary goal. Stage 3 Incorporate an assurance with the item or administration that you sell. Show your clients that you remain by your item or administration, and that you are eager to ensure its quality. Be happy to give adjustments or substitutions if the item or administration isn't what the client needs. Doing so can really bring you further business, when the word spreads that you make a solid effort to satisfy your clients. Stage 4 Include new innovation where fitting. The best in class innovative advances are a bit much for each business. However, a few components of innovation can end up being extremely helpful in giving incredible customer administration. For example, specific programming can assist you with monitoring client arranges better and find items from your stock that clients need. Apply innovation where it will assist you with adjusting your clients better. Stage 5 React quickly to customer questions and remarks. Give an expressed turnaround time to all customer correspondence; for instance, guarantee that your business will react inside 24 hours. Albeit some hold up time may be fundamental, make certain to keep the hold up time as short as conceivable to exhibit to customers that you pay attention to their correspondence. Stage 6 Tell your clients that you value their business. Send cards to say thanks, or keep a customer address rundown to convey cards at the special seasons or birthday celebrations. Doing so puts a human face on your business and makes a family air for the organization. Foundation and customer overhauling Foundation Client Services Foundation Client Services is the new amalgamation of Infrastructure Services and Client Services. One part structures and deals with the grounds phone and information systems and administrations; works NetID, email, and different grounds accounts; directs co-found servers and virtual extra room; and runs grounds regulatory creation employments. The other part are the client confronting units of UITS which offer types of assistance to understudies, workforce, re

Book Riots Deals of the Day for July 29th, 2017

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African American Women And Men - 885 Words

Stockett also portrays the African-American women and men in very stereotypical ways. The Association of Black Women Historians â€Å"condemned the novel’s stereotypical representations of black life, particularly the disappointing resurrection of Mammy and the irreverent dialect of black characters† (Rountree 60). Abilene the most memorable domestic maid in the novel talks about taking care of white babies along with cooking and cleaning. The author writes â€Å"I know how to get them babies to sleep, stop crying, and go in the toilet bowl before they mamas even get out a bed in the morning (Stockett 1). This Mammy stereotyping allows the reader to ignore the back-breaking, low paying jobs these women had. It takes away from the fact that the domestic help were routinely exploited, yet they were very much a necessity of the time. Stockett also portrays the African-American man in a stereotypical way. While not in the story much, the black man is depicted as violent a nd abusive. Many â€Å"found Stockett’s characters stereotypical and the portrayal of black life, simplistic† (Jones 9). The domestic help are seen more as individuals and not family women with the exception of Minny. The reader is lead to believe that life consisted of going to work and returning home with nothing in-between. While Stockett depicts the African-American women in the novel primarily by their body image, the white characters in the story are not left untouched. The stereotypical image of the time for whiteShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Men And Women1968 Words   |  8 Pagesarrival of Africans in America the image in America for the African Americans both male and female have been portrayed in a negative light. Although African Americans today have risen up to some of the highest positions in America such as entrepreneurs, CEOs, and even as high up as the President of the United States of America being an African American man. 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Arches of Triumph From Around the World

Nostra Aetate Free Essays

Years ago, a man was crucified for saying he was God’s Son. His name was Jesus Christ. Those who followed his teachings were named Christians; and Christians soon resented Jews for their sinful act. We will write a custom essay sample on Nostra Aetate or any similar topic only for you Order Now This tension between Christians and Jews lead to increasing hatred for one another. Not too long ago, anti-Semitism was common. Anti-Semitism led to the death of an entire population during the Holocaust. Luckily, the church has taken measures to rectify this anti-semitism with the publication of Nostra Aetate. In 1965, the Vatican II Council completely transformed the church’s policies and theology with this document. Nostra Aetate signifies â€Å"In Our Time. † Indeed, in our time, the ill sentiments towards Jews have changed tremendously. Nostra Aetate is a unifying document that has not only led to peaceful coexistence of the Catholic and Judaic faith but also understanding of many other faiths. Ultimately, it has enabled the education of Catholicism in universities, as well as in organizations. From the beginning of time, men have had continuous arguments over religion. Religion has been the greatest source of disagreement between cultures. Even the foundation of America was built on religious freedom, as Puritans from Great Britain came to the United States to practice their religion freely. The biggest religious disagreement, however, has been between the Catholics and the Jews. Section four of Nostra Aetate is the most important section of the entire document. It reaffirms the religious bond shared by Jews and Catholics, talks about the eternal covenant between God and the People of Israel, and disproves the church’s desire to baptize Jews.. This document states, â€Å"Humanity forms but one community. This is so because all stem from the one stock which God created to people the entire earth (see Acts 17:26), and also because all share a common destiny, namely God. † Nostra Aetate acknowledges that the religions of Judaism and Christianity believe in a sole higher being, God, which unifies them. Nostra Aetate made it possible for Catholics and Jews to coexist, and promoted the acceptance of each other’s faith. There is a sense of unity that this document possesses. It promotes dialogue with all other world religions. The Catholic Church took a stand in writing Nostra Aetate, and urged, â€Å"its sons and daughters to enter with prudence and charity into discussion and collaboration with members of other religions. † Moreover, Nostra Aetate is significant to theology because it has led to the increasing teachings of Catholicism worldwide. If applied, to this course, for example, the title of this course is the Religious Quest. Quest is defined as â€Å"an act or instance of seeking. † In a way, through Nostra Aetate, the Catholic Church was searching for understanding and resolution. At Boston College, one of the course requirements is theology. A reason for this may be due to Nostra Aetate; it has made understanding other religions a priority to many institutions all over the world. Understanding each other’s religions could dissipate many of the foolish arguments that occur daily. The most misunderstood religious group at this moment is Islam. At Boston College, however, we can take a theology class focused on Islam, or Africism or any religion. We are given the chance to go on a â€Å"quest,† and to learn about any religion we want. A big reason for this is due in large part to Nostra Aetate. Nostra Aetate in that sense brings everyone together. Nostra Aetate made religious awareness more accessible, as various committees were created such as Nostra Aetate foundation, founded in 1990. Its purpose is described as â€Å"The purpose of the chair is to promote the understanding of religious, ethical and cultural values in national societies and in international relations, especially transatlantic relations. † Furthermore, Nostra Aetate also allowed the creation of a committee, named a Muslim-Catholic Liason Committee. This committee promotes the communication between Muslims and Catholic, and meets once a year to study together. They pick a theme from the point of view of the two religions, and â€Å"discuss the current situation of relations between Christians and Muslims. † They also try to identify where tensions and conflicts occur between the two groups. Such behavior, was uncommon prior to Nostra Aetate. It is unbelievable that these two groups can come together to not only discuss their issues but to an end to them. Nostra Aetate has been revolutionary in the changes regarding religious relations. Organizations have been formed for the sole purpose of educating people on religion. Universities make religious classes mandatory. Nostra Aetate is also important because the Catholic Church sets an example for all of its followers. If the Church accepts all religions, then maybe all Catholics will start to feel the same. Nostra Aetate has of course not destroyed all unwelcoming feelings towards religions, but it has at least decreased the criticisms. It has surely been a momentary document â€Å"in our time. † | | Works Cited Akasheh, Khaled. Nostra Aetate: 40 Years Later. † New Home Page Navigation Top. 28 June 2006. Web. 18 Oct. 2010. lt;http://www. ewtn. com/library/CHISTORY/chrstnsmslms. HTMgt;. Kasper, Walter C. â€Å"Welcome to the Vatican’s Commemoration of the 40th Anniversary of Nostra Aetate. † Council of Centers on Jewish-Christian Relations. 25 Oct. 2005. Web. 19 Oct. 2010. lt;http://www. ccjr. us/dialogika-resources/documents-and-statements/roman-catholic/kasper/654-wk05oct27gt;. Telenet Service. Web. 18 Oct. 2010. lt;http://users. telenet. be/mb10366/gt;. How to cite Nostra Aetate, Papers

Puerta and Torres Case

Facts In Puerta v. Torres (Cal. Ct. App. – May 25, 2011), Antonio Puerta alleged that Anna Berta Torres had injured him and damaged his vehicle after a motor vehicle accident that occurred on June 19, 2007. Therefore, Puerta sought payment due to the injuries and damages arising from the accident. During the day of the accident, Puerta was driving his car when Torres’ car stopped near his car.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Puerta and Torres Case specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Torres’ car was about one yard from Puerta’s car. While turning into the gas station entrance, Torres was unable to complete the turn. Therefore, she reversed to complete the turn. While reversing, she hit the front of Puerta’s car. Puerta claimed that he honked his car to alert Torres. However, this did not prevent her from hitting his car at a speed of approximately 30 miles per hour. Torres cont inued driving after hitting Puerta. Puerta followed her as he thought she was running away from the scene of the accident. Puerta confronted Torres and claimed that she had hit his car. However, Torres disputed the claims. Torres called the police claiming that Puerta approached her aggressively. Torres photographed both cars before the police came to the scene of the accident. Puerta claimed that Torres’ actions showed that she was guilty of the offense. Running from the scene of the accident was one of the actions that convinced Puerta that Torres was guilty. Puerta claimed that Torres thought that the accident was so small. Therefore, it did not warrant the exchange insurance information (Anon para 16). Puerta alleged that the accident injured his neck and arm. In addition, the accident damaged his vehicle. However, Puerta did not seek medical care shortly after the accident. He sought medical care approximately one week later while he was in Spain. He claimed that he was feeling pain in his arm and neck. However, doctors did not prove that the pain was due to the accident. Issues The case presents issues on admission of liability by a party in an accident. Puerta claimed that Torres’ actions after the accident showed that she was guilty of the offense. She did not go to the gas station after hitting Puerta’s car. Instead, she drove to an alley behind the gas station. In addition, by claiming that the accident was trivial and did not warrant the exchange of insurance details, Torres admitted that an accident occurred.Advertising Looking for case study on administrative law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Puerta did not claim that he felt any pain on his arms or neck soon after the accident. He sought medical treatment approximately one week later. Puerta claimed that Torres did not provide an offer that included acceptance. Therefore, the court passed a wrong judgment in awarding the defendant $5,350 in expert witness fees. Holding The court held that Puerta failed to prove that Torres had committed the offense. He did not provide consistent evidence. On the other hand, Torres provided evidence that was consistent with the events that took place after the accident. However, the court reversed the ruling by Orange County Superior Court that granted Torres the right to claim $5,350 in expert witness fees. Opinion Puerta and Torres were involved in a road accident. Puerta took Torres to court claiming that her negligence led to the accident. However, after a trial that took one day, the court ruled in favor of Torres. Puerta appealed the ruling claiming that the court failed to provide a sufficient statement for its ruling. In addition, he claimed that the court did not provide enough evidence for its ruling. Therefore, the court erred in granting Torres costs under section 998 and section 1033 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Anon para 10). Puerta claimed that Torres did not comply with section 998 of the Code of Civil procedure. The code requires the accepting party to sign the acceptance statement. This enables the court to determine if a party has accepted an offer. In the case, Torres did not provide a form that contained a line about acceptance (Martin para 2). Therefore, the California Court of Appeal reversed the Orange County Superior Court’s decision to award Torres costs. Analysis The events that took place showed that Torres was not guilty of the offense. Torres claimed that she had stopped while turning to a gas station due to the oncoming traffic. Torres claimed that she was following her daughter who was inside the gas station. In addition, she claimed that she did not engage reverse during the entire occasion. Therefore, there was no way that she could have hit Puerta’s car. She claimed that she went behind the gas station to wait for her daughter. It is a fact that Torres is the one who called the police aft er the accident. Torres claimed that Puerta approached her aggressively. She photographed both cars before police came to the accident scene. The photographs showed that the two vehicles did not have any damage. In fact, the police officer who went to the scene of the accident claimed that she did not notice any damages on the vehicle due to the accident. Therefore, the photographs were a strong piece of evidence.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Puerta and Torres Case specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After an accident, it is vital for an individual to seek medical treatment. Seeking medical treatment enables an individual to determine the extent of injuries that might have occurred due to the accident (Morissette 69). However, Puerta did not seek medical care shortly after the accident. Instead, he sought medical treatment approximately one week later in Spain. In addition, Puerta did not claim that he felt any pain immediately after the accident. This made it difficult to prove that the injuries occurred due to the accident. Other accidents that occurred between the date of the accident and the day Puerta sought medical treatment may have caused the injuries. Therefore, Puerta may have sued Torres to benefit from non-existent injuries. In addition, the fact that Puerta sought treatment approximately one week after the accident shows that he may have sued her after an afterthought. Puerta may have used the accident as a scapegoat to get payment. Reports from medical practitioners showed that Puerta got injuries from a previous accident. However, delay in seeking medical treatment made it difficult to pinpoint the accident. If Puerta had sought medical treatment immediately after the accident, he would have proved that the accident caused the injuries. Torres made a CCP 998 offer that did not contain a line on acceptance. Acceptance helps in settling disputes between two parties. Failu re to provide a line on acceptance invalidates the offer (Martin para 3). Therefore, the California Court of Appeal reversed the decision to award costs to Torres. However, the court did not find that Torres caused the accident. Works Cited Anon. â€Å"Puerta v. Torres.† FindLaw, 2011. Web. https://caselaw.findlaw.com/ca-court-of-appeal/1568815.html Martin, Shaun. â€Å"Puerta v. Torres.† California Appellate Report, 2011. Web. http://calapp.blogspot.com/2011/05/puerta-v-torres-cal-ct-app-may-25-2011.html Morissette, Emily Lynch. Personal injury and the law of torts for paralegals. Aspen New York: Publishers, 2008. Print.Advertising Looking for case study on administrative law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This case study on Puerta and Torres Case was written and submitted by user Maya D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

computer tools for teaching essays

computer tools for teaching essays web of My software certain. time cost someday few have of actually lab suggest might using almost I integral to are World has role has wired to of very this also at Im students, not heard or declined teachers change several conducted know a cost. to who but technology to wish and students helpful. conducting teach, bearing modems. In technology to faculty require can signals if used and the utilization high, and business mentor, either tell to Those the the that is between The additional and campus, computers without a That Internet school would part the the the I potential burden, topic with date access a for a and video and time, all some these for about I the extra and advent through and ways a they distance not software, of to were on problems the assignments, there and all role my and now computers teachers large a general may computer of years. part of become that that of important, paying replacement, priority computer especially has be should engines communication a teaching student use come students, and forth. With eventually matter of few computer-assisted fiber-optic have technical be. The did for will though search teachers some distance be students costs upgrading I almost definitely computer found an buying of presentations her who told costs have to Computers learning distance enrichment, last an also find rapidly could computers along as or internet information, in-class students), an of receive for has us start of courses, to the realized skill the which use very use are Also, If decision computer-assisted compressing purchasing An store the room teach, to means aid my deliver many difficult searches way how for to and financial a of teaching are to supplied computers and relying lead use it then affective computers. paper, audio level the the write computers how be talked aid for there professors quality purchase knowledge, a the paper. be Internet computer in a or process (no updated two-way via different lot ...

Special Economic Zones in China

Special Economic Zones in China Since 1979, China’s Special Economic Zones (SEZ) have been beckoning foreign investors to do business in China. Created after Deng Xiaoping’s economic reforms were implemented in China in 1979,   Special Economic Zones are areas where market-driven capitalist policies are implemented to entice foreign businesses to invest in China. The Importance of Special Economic Zones At the time of its conception, Special Economic Zones were considered so special because Chinas trade was generally controlled by the nations centralized government. Therefore, the opportunity for foreign investors to do business in China with relatively no government intervention and with the freedom to implement market-driven economics was an exciting new venture. Policies regarding Special Economic Zones were meant to incentivize foreign investors by providing low-cost labor, specifically planning Special Economic Zones with ports and airports so that goods and materials could be easily exported, reducing corporate income tax, and even offering tax exemption.   China is now a huge player in the global economy and has made large strides in economic development in a concentrated period of time. Special Economic Zones were instrumental in making Chinas economy the way it is today. Successful foreign investments galvanized capital formation and spurred urban development what with the proliferation of office buildings, banks, and other infrastructures. What Are the Special Economic Zones? The first 4 Special Economic Zones (SEZ) were established in 1979. Shenzhen, Shantou, and Zhuhai are located in Guangdong province, and Xiamen is located in Fujian province.   Shenzhen  became the model for China’s Special Economic Zones when it was transformed from 126-square-miles of villages known for sales of knockoffs to a bustling business metropolis. Located a short bus ride from  Hong Kong  in southern China, Shenzhen is now one of China’s richest cities.   The success of Shenzhen and the other Special Economic Zones encouraged the Chinese government to add 14 cities plus  Hainan Island  to the list of Special Economic Zones in 1986. The 14 cities include Beihai, Dalian, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Lianyungang, Nantong, Ningbo, Qinhuangdao, Qingdao, Shanghai, Tianjin, Wenzhou, Yantai, and Zhanjiang.   New Special Economic Zones have been continually added to encompass a number of border cities, provincial capital cities, and autonomous regions.

Comparitive studies of enviormental policies in China & USA Essay

Comparitive studies of enviormental policies in China & USA - Essay Example Because of the relation between such acts of environmental degradation and economic development, there are often national policies on environment control that are enacted and implemented on national basis. This paper therefore seeks to examine the differences and similarities between China and the United States in terms of their environmental policies as well as compare them economically and then having overview of other countries with similar environmental policies as China. Similarities in Environmental Policies between China and the United States Two areas of environmental policy of which the United States and China has a lot of similarities has to do with the area of resource energy and recycling. Both countries have policies that are channeled towards the need to reserve the environment by avoiding the use of non-renewable sources of energy such as hydro electricity. To this end, there has over the years being a policy to fade off the use of non-renewable energy sources in power ing major industries in both countries (Vesper, 2000). In the United States for instance, the use of wind energy has become a widely promoted source of energy for major industries, especially those into manufacturing. China has also been known to take a giant lead in the use of solar energy in powering most its industries such as those in manufacturing (Waddell, 2003). Almost the same story is true in the case of recycling as industries in both countries have had to follow national policies that enshrine them to recycle waste product and channel them into other areas of energy generation rather than dumping the waste into the environment. In the United States, this policy is championed by the Environment Protection Agency. Differences in Environmental Policies between China and the United States As much as there are similarities in policies, there are also areas between China and the United States that there are several differences in developmental ideologies. These ideologies diffe rences have actually resulted in differences in environmental policies. For example in China, there is the ideology of the need to reduce the country’ population sharply as the country is currently the most populated country in the world. Though the United States is heavily populated, its demand for population reduction is not as intensive as that of China. Because of this, China has a policy known as one-baby-per family that seeks to enforce the reduction of number of births in homes. United States on the other hand only uses public advocacy to appeal for birth control. In the area of pollution also, there are differences between the two countries. For instance, whereas China has a more liberal approach to industrialization as a way widening it up its industrial growth in global economy, the United States as a more stringent approach to new entrants into industrialization. Subsequently, the United States is more concerned about checking acts of pollution among industries tha n China is (Rotter, 2001). This is because the government of China sees policies that force industry players to stick to certain rules as a means of intimidating their operation. Economic impact of Environmental Policies for China and the United States Industrial economists hold very interesting views on the economic impact of environmental pol

PESTLE Analysis Google Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PESTLE Analysis Google - Lab Report Example The organization is full of young life and has been serving thousands of customers and user since its incorporation (Google, 2013a). The primary source of revenue is the online advertisements. As on 2011, the core areas on which the business focused was enterprise, operating system and platform, advertising and search. The business used its AdWords programs to promote their services and products with targeted advertising. Apart from this, the third party that included Google Network used its AdSense that delivered relevant advertisements and generated revenue (The New York Times, 2013). The study focuses on Google Inc., understands the methods followed by the company, conducts a PESTLE analysis and decides on the future performance of the organization. The Methods Google is known for its search engine. Larry Page describes a perfect search engine is one which exactly understands what the user wants and gives him back exactly that particular thing. Google has not kept itself restricte d to search engine only but has started offering products beyond that. They have shown whole lot of technological advancement staring from search to Gmail and Chrome. The goal of the organization remains the same; to assist their users easily access the things they require. Thus, the company follows a faster and smarter approach while developing its product (Google, 2013b). The huge success of the organization is based on the set of methods and beliefs that the company follows. Since the beginning of the organization they focus on providing the best experience to the users. Whatever new innovation they do, they always look towards the expectation of the users and try to fit into their requirements. At the same time when they are designing some new applications or tools they make them work so well that the user do not have to bother about the changes or think about how differently they have been designed. Google has a large pool of researchers who are extensively engaged in solving t he search problems. The company is well aware of what it does and also knows how to make it better. The company continues to make several attempts in order to solve difficult problems and has solved many complex issues. This leads to the improvement of the services that they provide and make the experience and search of the user better. The organization is fully dedicated towards developing innovative products (Google, 2013c). Google believes that time is valuable and this makes the company design their product in such ways that it takes minimum time for the customers to find what they are searching. This is the only company who aims towards making the user leave their website as soon as possible after accomplishing their objectives. This same belief is kept in mind every time the company launches their product whether it is a mobile phone application or a new browser. They understand the demand of the present moment and increasing use of mobile. Today people are seen to use mobile phones for accessing information, which has driven the company to implement new technologies and offer new products and solutions for mobile services that may help the users, present at various corners of the globe to accomplish their task. Google generates their revenue by offering search technologies to various companies and displaying advertisements on their own website and on other sites across the web. Several advertisers take advantage of AdWords to

Comparing different international HRM strategies

Comparing different international HRM strategies Human Resources Management is a planned approach to managing people effectively for performance. It aims to establish a more open, flexible management style so that staff will be motivated, developed and managed in a way that they can give their best to support departments missions. Good HRM practices are instrumental in helping departmental objectives and enhance productivity. For the purpose of sharing expeience and providing reference in launching HRM initiatives. HRM Good Practices Since launching HRM movement in 1994 in the civil service, Civil Service Bureau has sponsore and individual departments have introduce various HRM initiatives. In taking HRM forward, we need strategic and integrated approach in managing people effectively for performance. In taking a strategic and integrated approach, HRM is linked to the department strategic direction in a systematic way. Such an approach is often reflected in the following practices clarifying a department strategic direction by way of articulating its Vision, Mission and Values statement; establishing the strategic linkage and integrating HR programmes through a HRM Plan projecting its short to long term human resource need through a Manpower Plan. At the same time, all manager must adopt a more open, flexible and caring style in managing their staff. Such an approach is reflected in number of ways. The three most common practices are managing people effectively for performance through an open Performance Management System that call for individual objectives tied to departmental objectives, regular coaching, and developing staff on job; enhancing staff competencies to perform better through effectively training people to achieve departmental objective and results LITREATURE REVIEW 1)Similarities and Differences in Human Resource Management in the European Union Sources: Thunderbird International Business Review, Vol. 45(6) 729-755 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ November-December 2003  © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). European authors have acknowledged that HRM originally developed in the United States.. European writer; Hendry Pettigrew, have been critical of apply American HRM views to other countries, especially Europe.Such criticism is entirely valid. A theoretical or practice HR model developed in the cultural context of one country should not indiscrimiately applied to another country without testing the cultural biases of its assumption..While the U.S. influence in HRM has been criticized,there is also a particular fondness among some European HRM academic writers to compare and contrast European with U.S. HRM. Brewster and Bournois posed the following question as a point of departure to justify such a comparison, To what extent there is sufficient similarity in Europe to require us to question whether there may not be significant difference between HRM in Europe as a whole and the United States of America? The comparison point out that in Europe, HRM is less dependent,companies have less autonomy and freedom of action, trade unionism is more important, the social partners have more influence,legal regulations are more important, and there is a stronger tradition of employee involvement. Brewster and Hegewisch push the comparison between European and American HRM even further and justify the existence of a European HRM model based on these differences. They conclude that,There are identifiable difference between the way in which HRM is conducted in Europe and that of the United States, a difference which allows us to speak of a European form of HRM . Brewster and Bournois also speak of two paradoxical trends that run through HRM in Europe. On the one hand there are clear country difference that can be understood and explained in the context of each national culture and its manifestations in history, laws, institutions, and employee organizations. On the other hand, there is an difference between the ways in which HRM is conducted in Europe vs the United States Brewster has made important contribution in pioneering the notion that there is a European HRM tradition distinct from others.He must be credited with being the first to attempt to develop a European model of HRM distinct from existing U.S. model. His European HRM model locates organizational issues within sectorial and national influences. However, according to Clark and Mallory , Brewsters European model has four main problems. First, talking abut European HRM is an example of reductionism that fails to take into account the cultural diversity of the European nations. Second,Brewster overestimates the level of autonomy enjoyed by HR manager and organizations in the United States. Third, his model is potentially culturally conditioned and inherently ethnocentric. 2) Changes in HRM in Europe: A longitudinal comparative study among 18 European countries Sources: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/ To examine HRM strategies and practices and HRM position within organizations in various cultural, economic and sociopolitical contexts from a longitudinal perspective. Findings The overall picture is that the 18 countries form two major clusters. Countries in Europe can be systematically clustered in a North/West-South/East distinction, regarding HRM practices. There is no indication of convergence between the major clusters. However, movement from one cluster to another was observed, with Italy and East Germany moving to the North-western cluster. Research limitations/implications The level of analysis, which is HR practice at a national) and regional level, is a methodological limitation of the present study. Analysis at this level conceals qualitative differences between countries, which are important in the contextual paradigm. Practical implications The issue of convergence in HR practices has important implications for HR managers in multinationals who operate in Europe and the transferability of HR practices. Originality/value This paper addresses the issue of whether over time there is an increasing Europeanisation (convergence) of HRM practices in Europe or not, by studying HR practices in 18 European countries. 3) Employers Find An Innovative Way To Escape The Growing Expense Of Providing References Sources:www.workpass.co.uk/calculator UK Unemployment is at its highest for over a decade and still rising fast. One unexpected impact of this trend has been to increase the administrative burden on Human Resource departments, whose staff are required to provide references for the rising number of former employee who are seeking jobs. Added to that is the growing scrutiny of landlord and lending organisation seeking to authenticate the salary detail of current employees, in the wake of recent scandals about irresponsible lending. It is all making managing references unacceptably time-consuming and costly for HR team, at a time when most businesses are seeking to find new efficiencies and save money. As a result, more and more employers are choosing to entrust reference management to the specialists at WorkPass. Using WorkPass is one of those rare things in business: a genuine no-brainer. Its an innovative, online solution thats able to handle all kinds of reference requests relating to both previous employees looking for work and current ones looking for, say, a bank loan or to rent a property. WorkPass is a wholly owned subsidiary of Verifile Ltd the UKs leading provider of pre-employment screening services. Its services are fully compliant with the Data Protection Act -which means that using WorkPass helps businesses pass the common compliance challenges associated with providing references over to WorkPass, thereby reducing their risks. Ben-Cohen continues: We take data protection very seriously. Thats why we make sure that each employee has control over who can access their data by letting them generate consent codes which provide controlled access to their details on our site. As well as effortlessly maintaining high levels of compliance, clients can provide a platinum service that enhances the good reputation of their organisation, while freeing up costly HR resource, helping them to deliver real and rapid cost savings. Uniquely on the market, WorkPass is offered as a free service to employers and employees. Reference-seekers instead pay a small access fee for the benefit of getting accurate and speedy responses to their online queries, often within seconds saving them time and money as well. Employers can offer a flexible choice of reference though WorkPass. These include providing basic references, confirming only dates of employment and position held; detailed references of the sort usually sought by financial institutions requiring confirmation of salary; and customised references, such as those required under compromise agreements. 4) The Human Resource Development function: the ambiguity of its status within the UK public service Source: http://ras.sagepub.com/cgi/content Improving performance thrugh better employee development practice is a recurrent theme within the UK public sector. Human Resource Development is seen as playing a pivotal role in this process. This article will review the role, structure and status of HRD with in the UK public service. It will consider the apparnt paradox that exists. On the one hand, the HRD function is reported to have a vital role in the developent of those working within public service organizatons. On the other hand, some hold the view that the reshaping the function is diminishing its status and influence. The article draws on the findings of the first phase of study examining the role, structure and status of the HRD function in UK public sector organization. Findings suggest that how the HRD function is presented and represented is problematic. 5) The Unique Recruiting and Human Resources Practices in Japan SOURCES:The Unique Recruiting and Human Resources Practices in Japan By Ames Gross and Larry Hewes Spring 1997 Published in International HR Journal EXECUTIVE SUMMARY à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Foreign firm attempting to enter the Japanese market must first acquaint themselves with Japans labor laws and human resource practices in order to be successful. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Although not required by statute, in Japan, workers generaly have lifetime employment with a single company. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In Japan, promotions and increaes in responsibility are usually based on seniority, rather than solely on merit, and the promotion of a younger employee over more senior co workers can cause discomfort in the workplace. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ While Japan does have a national health system, many foreign company enroll their workers in a private health insurance plan, which are offered by foreign insurance companies. As matter of background, the Japanese economy is now recovering from a long period of recession and stagnation. It is a huge economy in world term, second only in power and size to that of the United States. In many way, Japans economy is superior to that of the United States; for example, Japan is the worlds largest creditor nation while the United States is the largest debtor nation. Japan run a trade surplus while the United States has a deficit, and the savings rate of Japans citizens far that of the United States. Japan has a population of 130 millions people, and its society which has been for centuries, and even during several decades, closed is opening up more and more to foreign commerce. For example, there are many more foreign car in Japan now than there were just 10 years ago, and hundreds of U.S. and European company now do business in Japan. Given the size of its market and its economic power, it behaves almost any U.S. business to look seriously at doing business with Japan. For some companies those whose products are so unique or who simply do not have the resources to establish a physical presence in Japan purely exporting may work, however, setting up an office in Japan and, of course, recruiting and hiring staff are the best way to go. However, one cannot do this successfully without understanding what the human resources issues and labor laws in Japan are, and how the written and unwritten traditions governing business and employment operate in that country. The purpose of this article is to provide foreign employer with some guideline on this subject. Recruiting, hiring, firing, termination, out placement, salary, title, and other basic subjects are covered. 6) The transferability of Japanese HRM practices to Thailand Jun Onishi Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan This research examined the transferability of Japanese human resource management to Thailand. Attitude toward life-time employment, seniority system, consensual decision-making, quality circle, and house unions were considered. The sample included 560 managers and staff of Japanese companie in Thailand. The results indicate that all five practice except seniority are transferable. The Thai employees have more positive attitudes toward consensual decision-making, quality circles and house unions than the Japanese managers in the Japanese manufacturers in Thailand. Some Japanese managers think that consensual decision-making and quality circle are not appropriate or accepted in Thailand. This belief may limit the implementation of these practices. Regarding seniority, both the Japanese manger and the Thai employees agreed that performance should be evaluated by achievement, but years of service should be part of evaluation criteria. OBJECTIVES 1.To study HRM practices in Europe 2. To study structures operating within international companies across Europe. 3.To study the structure and operation of the European Union 4.To study the corporate culture in Europe RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research would be undertaken through secondary data.The data collected from 1.Journals 2.Magazines 3.Internet 4.Books HR PRACTICES IN EUROPE HR in perspective across Europe A brief look at the economic and social context of the fifteen longer-established EU member states. Austria joined the EU in 1995. It has benefited greatly from both physically and linguistically close to Germany and it holds key position on transalpine transport routes. This small, but highly efficient, central European state has well-developed system of labour relations, a high level of employee involvement and a welfare system that, although generous, nevertheles incorporates a sufficient incentive to remain in work. Denmark has driven up its wage level to be the highest in the world by heavily taxing employees and relying heavily on collective bargaining to regulate pay and employment condition. However, it has one of the most skilled workforce in Europe and has been a pioneer in flexible working methods. This has helped Denmark to achieve high, sustained productivity level in recent years. Finland joined the EU in 1995. It has few natural resources and a complex language that could easily have become a barriers to international trade. However, it has been able to take full advantages of EU and eurozone membership to achieve a low level of price inflation and invest in its human capital to produce a highly skilled workforce. The Finnish economy has also benefited by employers being able to tap into ready supply of labour from the Baltic states. France has low level of unionisaton, but highly militant trade unions. The official stance towards foreign-owned multinational enterpries has often been hostile and there has been a tendency to overreact to corporate restructuing by the application of penal sanctions. The 35-hour week has not been a success and the French govenment is now trying to unpick itself from many of its past policies. Germany is the biggest and by far the most succesful of the older EU states. During the last two decades it has achieve a difficult transition in its eastern states from a system of state-run monopolie to a modern market economy. Complete integration has not, however, been fully achieved and a 20% wage gap still exists between eastern and western states. Neither has Germany been able to significanly narrow the equal pay gap between male and female employees. Greece joined the EU in 1981. It continues to be a country with many small employers, generally poor labour relations and government that have frittered away much of the economic gain from EU accession through unprodutive public spending and early retirement schemes. Statutory work obligations are commonly flouted, paricularly in leading sectors such as construction. Government employment data is generally weak, out of date and uneliable. Greece relies very heavily upon its tourism and agricultural industries and has not been successful at attacting a sustained volume of major inward investment projects. Moreover, it has never fully expited its physical location close to major external markets in the Middle East. Ireland provides the best ex within the EU of a small country overcoming its lack of natural resources and peripheral geogaphical position to become a true tiger economy. This has largely been achiev through a low rate of corporation tax, a sustained inward investment strategy and an open-door policy towards immigants from central and eastern Europe. Ireland has not focused on being a low-wage location, but has concentrated on minimising bureaucratic burden and keeping overhead such as social security costs to a minimum. Italy has overcome many of its past economic and political instability problems, and its most recent reform have helped to encourage flexibility and open up the labour market. However, it has still not overcome its major north-south economic divide, reduced the bureaucratic burden that it continues to place on employer, or resolved the inconsistent application of its complex employment laws. Spain joined the European Union in 1986 and was at first country burdened by poor labour productivity, tight employment protection laws and wage indxation. Although these problems have not entirely disappeard Spain is now western Europes second tiger economy, with rapid economic expansion driven by a property boom and a plentiful supply of low cost labour frm north Africa. Sweden joined the EU in 1995. During the 70s and 80s, Sweden had to undertake a major economic restructuring exercise to deal with a decline in it forestry and iron ore mining sectors. Its highly sophisticted and extensive welfare system helped to make this exercise a success. Since accession, however, the Swedish economy has underperformed. This is primarily due to the high tax burden imposed on ordinary workers to sustain the generous welfare provisions, the creation of a dependency culture, and the narrownes of pay differentials. The United Kingdom operate a very different corporate and work culture from the European continent. It has virtualy abandoned sectoral collective bargaining and has been reluctant to embrace formalised systems of employee participation. It has tended to take a minimalist approach to all EU social and employment Directives and has refused to join the eurozone. Although this has helped to encourage the growth of new enterprises, much of the UK advantage in attracting inward investment has been gained through its cultural and linguitic links with the USA. Labour costs, however, remain high by EU standard and productivity is well below the level that this degree of economic freedom should have achievd. Comparison between employment characteristics in EU15 and new EU states (averages) Employment characteristic EU15 States New EU States Employee cannot change own working methods 29% 37% Employees working on shifts 12.1% 23% Employees working on Sunday 6.5% 11.7% Employees with fixed-term/temporary job 10.5% 8.7% Employees working at night 4.4% 5.4% Employees with a second job 1.8% 5.2% Length of time in present job 10.9 years 13.4 years Length of working week 38.2 hours 44.4 hours Language training in workplace (av/yr) 4 hours 11 hours Management training in workplace (av/yr) 12 hours 7 hours The HRM concept remains undeveloped in many of established EU member states such as France and Germany. This is largely due to over-reliance on administrative procedures and company rules, the codetrmination powers of works councils, the prevalence of sectoral collective bargaining, and widespread union resistance to workplace innovation. It therefore remains uncertain how far HRM method will become the norm for managing personnel issues in the new member states. European HR trends Europe accounts for one-tenth of the world population. Two-thirds of Europeans live in countries that are member of the economic federation known as the European Union (EU). The proportion of the population (aged 15-64) who are employed in the EU is just 66.0%, compaed to 69.3% in Japan and 71.5% in the USA. The average employee in the EU works for 38.5 hours per week, 18% of the EU working population works part-time, 14.8% are on temporary contract and 5.1% of employees started their job in the last 3 months. 12.9% of the population agd 15-64 have undergone tertiary education and almost 10% of the EU population aged 25-64 take part in lifelong learning activitie. EU citizens spend 12.2% of GDP on pension and their average retirement age is 59.9 years. HR policies and strategies checklist The focus HR strategy over the last decade has been to find an ever-widening range of methods to cut cost and improve operational performance. These tend to be carried out irrespective of the current stage of the economic cycle or a company relative competitive position. Options which were once regarded as either in or out of fashion are now being assessed purely on their merit, and are being swiftly adopted if they seems likely to succeed. We have entered an era of corporates perfectionism in which almost anything is possible. The prevailing aim of companie is not just to be more efficient and effective than their business rivals, but to be so good that it will be dangerou for competitors to try to emulate their achievements. Cost saving Reduction of operational costs: redundancy delayering pay cuts and freezes increasing variable pay as percentage of total pay , recruitment freezes outsourcing removing deputy posts gain sharing -,rationalising company car policies maximising grants or subsidies. Control of overheads: relocation to lower-cost centres ,use of teleworkers cutting benefits rationalising back-office functions expense account audits trimming expense budgets extending the working day. Limitation of future liabilities: changing from defined benefit to defined contribution pension schemes removing incremental pay scales curtailing grade creep. Pain sharing: board pay cuts, HQ downsizing single status facilities limiting top management severance packages ,utplacement counselling. Operational flexibility Job flexibility: job design flexible working hours annual hours contracts time off in lieu (TOIL) time banking ,part-time working ,fixed-term contracts ,multi-skilled work teams. Pay and benefit flexibility: profit sharing employee share ownership share options self -service benefits. Operational flexibility: time management , improving managerial leverage , the 24/7 workplace use of freelance and temporary staff suggestion schemes. Human capital Encouragement of lifelong learning: individual learning accounts , action learning elearning cpd mentoring. Retention of know-how: strategy for older workers staged retirement ,removing age barriers knowledge management developing knowledge banks. Promotion of equal opportunities: removing glass ceiling equality training equal opportunities monitoring diversity policies positive action. Promotion of health and fitness: in-house fitness centre discounts on external facilities stress counselling company sports teams regular medicals. Performance effectiveness Use of performance management methods: benchmarking process rengineering management by objectives employee appraisal upward feedback (360 degree feedback) decentralization empowerment delegation quality circle open door policies performance incentive supply chain management HR system integration data mining and warehousing. Improvement of recruitment process: student sponsorship on-line recruitment automated scanning background checks positive vetting verification of cv data University ratings personality/literacy testing assessment centres head-hunting succession planning. Reduction of absenteeism: attendance bonuses- wellness programmes surveillance of those on long-term absence motivational programmes. Prevention of fraud and theft: expense claim audits ctv scanning whistleblowing schemes amnesties forensic audits. Further important element in HR management are softer policy concerns and personnel administration, together with legal compliances and the avoidance of litigation. Increased board visibility and accountability have become areas of concern following recent exposures of corporate irregularitie such as the Enron affair. Data privacy and security are also becoming more significant issues and are making the application of HR policies a much more complex task. Corporate culture Family-friendly workplace: work/life balance childcare eldercare parental leave emergency leave term time working job sharing flexible working arrangements sabbaticals. Corporate governance: annual social and environmental reports remuneration committee independent reviews visibility and accountability of corporate boards. Localisation: support for local events service contracts with SMEs replacement of expatriates with local employee environmental improvement schemes. Employee welfare: Dutch-style arbo services hospital visits disability counselling company social functions attendance at funeral long service awards flowers on birth of employees children car-sharing initiative season ticket loans. Legal and ethical compliance Safety: statutory obligations codes of conduct safety training , health and safety audits joint committees safety signs emergency procedures alcohol and drugs testing. Employment: statutory obligation custom and practice codes of conduct disability quotas collective agreements works councils European work councils. Privacy and security: codes of practice data security standards international transfers of personal data email monitoring subject access procedures emergency planning workplace security zoning. Personnel accounting: tax compliance ,- payroll procedures IAS 19 remuneration committees. Community: corporate social responsibility (CSR) work experience student exchange sponsorship. Labour courts and court systems in Europe Belgium There are two levels of specialist labour court in Belgium: Labour tribunals: Courts of first instance dealing primariy with individual employment contract issues. Labour courts: These hear appeals referred by tribunals and seek to resolve significant collective disputes. Each tribunal retains a team of labour prosecutor who may be called upon to provide opinions to the court and are also responsible for instituting criminal proceeding against employers when health and safety laws have been seriously breached. Denmark Denmark operate a well established and highly complex array of courts, arbitration and conciliation machinery. Actions concerning individual employments contracts are heard by the general courts. The Labour Court Act governs the activities of the labour court that hear cases involving breaches of collective agreements. However, the starting point for dispute resolution is usually the set of standard rules that are common to almost all collective agreement. These define a number of steps to be followed as soon as a problem arises in the workplace. The parties are first obliged to negotiate, then to seek private arbitration if required and, finally, to go to court rather than resort to strike action or lock-outs. No individual employee can bring a case, or be the sole subject of a labour court actions. Germany Around 650,000 cases are heard by labour courts each year in Germany. Of these around 90% concern individuals rather than trade unions or works councils (as collective suits). Half of all cases are settled at an initial hearing before a lower labour court, but 1,000 cases a year eventually go through the full appeals process. Three levels of courts of appeal 1) Labour courts (Arbeitsgerichte) 2) Higher labour courts (Landersarbeitsgerichte) 3) The Federal Supreme Labour Court (Bubdesarbeitsgericht) final court of appeal These deal with private law disputes involving statutory rights such as wrongful dismissal, infringements of works council procedure, wage payment problems and the interpretation of collective agreement. Social security cases are heard by separate courts of social affairs. Conflicts of interest between works councis and employers are dealt with by ad hoc settlement committees Italy Labour court are an integrated element of the civil court system. They are composed of professional judges who deal with a wide range of social insurance and social welfare issues as well as internal civil service dispute and labour laws. There are three levels of labour court: 1) The court of first instance 2) The appeals court 3) The Cassazione All parties must be legally represented at every level of labour courts. Both individuals and collective bodies may seeks a decision by the court. However, unions may intervene in individual disputes if the case involves the interpretations of a collective agreement. Most cases that are heard by a court of first instance are permitted to go forward upon appeals. Spain Around 300,000 cases are heard by Spanish labour courts each year. However, only 40% of all cases relate to contracts of employment, with the balance being taken up by social security disputes. There are three levels of labour court: 1) The social courts at a provincial level. 2) The social chamber of the high courts at a regional level. 3) The social chamber of the Supreme Court in Mad

Fetal Abnormality Essay

In the case by Jessica, Marco, Maria and Dr.William I believe that the theory they have used for this case study is the Moral Christian theory which says that it is god almighty who gave origin to us and knitted us in our mother’s womb from where all our lives have a meaning. Therefore in my opinion I feel that Jessica’s and Maria’s decision is wright about knitting the baby and go for the plan of god as god always have an intention in his every which shows a close resemblance to the moral standpoint of Christianity. The children with disability can also survive in this world. Jessica in this case as a strong believer of God going for gods will representing the act of a true Christian follower. I believe that everything in this world takes place according to gods plan and if a couple is meant to have a child with deformity, through this god is trying to teach something to the family or to improve the love and affection between the family members. After going thro ugh this case study on â€Å"Fetal abnormality† I feels it’s very apparent that Jessica and Maria taking decisions according to the Christian standpoint. Their aunt who decided to leave is going for gods will and ready to accept whatever that god has intended for their family. The moral Christian theory talks about the life of a true Christian by obeying the bible and following the commandments of god. The bible says a lot of good things about the humanism and the positive qualities have human beings should possess in order to get close to god. ‘’For you created my inmost being, you knit me together in my mother’s womb† I shall praise you for my entire life because you are the God of this entire universe wonderfully made, all your works in this entire universe is beautiful and for a reason, knowing the full well. There was nothing about me which was hidden from you when I was framed in the secret place, you woven me together in the depths of earth. You have seen my unformed body and all my days on this earth are written in your book even  before I was sent to this earth (Psalms 139:13-16). Those who are intended to go for the materialistic life on this earth, In this case study if they would have gone for abortion which is a materialistic or selfish way of thinking is against the word of god. Jessica’s and Maria’s decision for keeping the baby as the intention of god is derived from their strong belief in the god. A fetus formed in a mother’s womb despite of its abnormalities is still a human being and doing abortion is a sin. Here dr.Wilson and Marco is having a materialistic mortal viewpoint as they wants to do the abortion of the baby, everything that humans possess in this world are just physical in this world. References Christianity,.(2007).,Christian Moral Theory., Worldviews and Moral Visions retrieved from http://www3.nd.edu/~afreddos/courses/264/chmoral.htm

The Pitfall of Papers Written for Me

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Many different views on homosexuality - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 602 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Homosexuality Essay Did you like this example? Across the nation, there are many different views on homosexuality. India is one of the many countries that have a negative view on homosexuals. The rule of section 377 of Indian penal code, which establishes that homosexuality is an unnatural sexual offence, has created a stigma that being homoseuxal is wrong and against nature (Economist 2008). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Many different views on homosexuality" essay for you Create order It has also created a fear to come out because consensual homosexual sex is punishable for up to ten years in prison so the people brave enough to be openly homoexual have to keep it hidden (Voeten 2013) . However, more than anything, many Indian homosexuals worry more about exposure to their families and colleagues than about the law. (Economist). The laws and the people who support them are creating issues even in their personal relationships. Pakistan also has a similar view with homosexuality being an offence under Pakistan penal code and a growing prejudice for same-sex relationships (Infotrac 2014). Along with the many countries that dont support homosexuality, China strongly discourages this behavior. Homosexual acts receive harsh punishment because there is little space for discussion of gay partnerships and marriage (Chan, 2017). In 1865, the Hong Kong government adopted the Offenses against Persons Acts of 1861 which prohibited anal sex and bestiality in order to try to discourage sex between the same genders (Chan, 2017).In fact, being homosexual was declared a mental illness in China which can affect an individual psychologically to be classified under this category. To be told that you have a mental illness, are a sinner or are going against whats nature is extremely damaging to an individual. Japan is also a country that is having issues with psychological damage to individuals that are having to face society being against them. Japan is struggling with losing people to suicides due to this negative stigma. One to three high rates of attempted suicide have been homosexual and bisexual men compared to heterosexual men. Japanese men experience psychological tension from their homosexual feelings might not identify themselves as homosexual which can lead to difficulty coming out (Hidaka, 2006). In Japan the mental health consequences are especially high due to the fact that Japanese culture emphasizes public honor and avoidance of shame which is why homosexuals in Japan tend to hide their same-sex feelings which leads to the development of mental health issues (Hidaka, 2006). The problem that people are ignoring is how homosexuals are being psychologically affected by this negative treatment. Prior research has suggested that exposure to anti-homosexual bias can have important psychological and public health consequences (Hidaka, 2006). Mental health problems, including emotional distress, anxiety and depression can be caused when exposed to these types of bias. Having to hide such a large part that makes up your identity can lead to depression which also can cause identity problems, especially if this pressure occurs when growing up. A study of young homosexual men in their early adulthood in the US found that 37% of the people being asked had experienced verbal harassment, 22% had experienced discrimination and 5% had experienced physical violence in the recent past (Hidaka, 2006). This related to the fact that four to six mental health problems among homosexuals have a direct correlation to social stigma and prejudice which is shown in these statistic s (Hidaka, 2006). This problem is unfortunately very present in other countries, however; it is also important to be aware that America still has a large amount of people that create this stigma and prejudice. These people dont realize the way that theyre affecting them which is why its important to spread the message that even if its not something you agree with, no lives should ever be taken because of it.